Philosophical Thinking Of Sustainable Development-The United Nations' All Previous Environmental Conferences And Manifestos On Enviromental Issues Study

Since entering the modern times, human race is confronted with increasingly acute environmental problems as the industry civilization advances, which is accompanied with the rapid expansion of world population and human's ever extending demands towards nature. The environmental problems have escalated from the localized air and water pollution and the excessive exploitation of forests and resources all the way to the cosmopolitan destruction of some biochemical cycles and even ecological balance. Due to the thoughtless detriments that human have exerted towards nature, the basic conditions which are indispensable for human existence and sustained development are threatened by various kinds of crisis it faces. It should be recognized that there are"unsustainable"possibilities lie dormant in the human future, and this situation not only rises from the roots of political, economical and technological levels, but also cultivated by some deep-seated reasons concerning world outlook and value outlook. Considering this, it is but necessary to upgrade the issues of sustainable development to the degree of philosophical inquiries and see it from an ethical perspective, forming evidences on theoretical foundations by the transitions of man's world outlook and value outlook and thus solve the varied problems hindering the sustainable development under the guidance of new world outlook, value outlook and methodology.Centering on and spreading about the theme of sustainable development, making discussions using the United Nations'all previous environmental conferences and manifestos on environmental issues as basic materials, this treatise has the basic route of unifying"destruction"and"construction"as well as"to clarify confusion"and"to bring things back to order"on the issue of the interaction of human and nature: that is to say, diverting from the former"human centralism"to the premise of"human oriented"and"harmonious and sustainable development", carrying out new concept of nature, value and development, resorting to new methodology when dealing with the human-nature relationship, and realizing the harmonious coexistence and development between human and nature, human and human. In fact,"Sustainable development is a course". During the course, the exploitation of resources, the direction of investment, the orientation of technological development and the evolvement of institutions are mutually coordinate and conduce to reinforcing the potential of meeting the requirements of human needs and wants."Generally speaking, the strategy of sustainable development aims at promoting the harmonious between human and nature and within human race itself."The philosophical foundation of sustainable development is a complicated proposition, which wants seeing though from multifaceted aspects. But as to this treatise, the proposition is generally composed of three parts: commencing on analyzing the foundation of nature view of sustainable development and the foundation of the axiology and ethics of sustainable development, and ensuing by implementing on the practical issues of the country, for being one member of the United Nations, environmental conferences have exerted enormous influences on China as well. The current national condition of China is pressing for the harmonized development between human and nature, which contributes to the ideology of"human oriented"and the construction of a harmonious society.