The Research Of Environmental Policy Based On Environmental Technology Innovations

In the 1970s, the Western developed countries in general has strengthened environmental legislation to protect the environment. As a result, the cost of enterprises was greatly increased, the competitiveness of enterprises was weakened, the strict environmental regulations got generally resist by enterprises. This gave rise to the heated discussions of the academic community on environmental protection and competitiveness of enterprises. Undoubtedly, harsh environmental regulation in the short term greatly weakened the competitiveness of enterprises. However, some scholars led by Poter argued that, in the long term ,this external pressure could stimulate enterprises to carry through environmental technology innovations. On the one hand, this innovation could help enterprises achieve the objective of energy reduction and environmental protection, On the other hand, it could also help enterprises to improve the efficiency of resource use and even reduce costs, increase "The Green competitiveness" of enterprises. Therefore environmental protection and competitiveness of enterprises existed win-win relationship. And whether environmental regulations could stimulate enterprises to carry through environmental technology innovations were the key to the viewpoint of Poter.Based on the model of "learning from doing" established by Mohr, this paper constructed a Unlimited Cycle Model grounded on R&D for Demonstration: Appropriate stringent environmental regulations existed the possibility to stimulate enterprises environmental technology innovations. In the absence of environmental policy regulation circumstances, Almost producers will not consider environmental performance of their own, and the technological innovation behaviors conducted by them will also be driven by profit maximization, even though some innovative technology lead to the exorbitant profit for the producers and at the same time it reduce energy consumption and improve the environment. However, at the beginning of technological innovation, producers will not be with the purposes. But with the policies of environment for some restraints to producers, external pressure forced the enterprises in the process of technological innovations to consider environmental factors. Therefore, this external pressure will in varying degrees to encourage producers carry through environmental technology innovations. With customary method of environmental policy, environmental policy can be divided into Command and Control (CAC),Market-Based Instrument (MBI) and Information-Based Remedies (RBR), different types of environmental policies takes the different incentive strength for the environmental technology innovations. Based on the model established by Fisher, the third part of this paper analyses the environmental technology innovation incentive strength of four policy tool which represent three types of policies by quantitative comparison.Under the circumstance of not considering technology spillover, or the factor that technology spillover is very small, the environmental performance standards, environmental taxes(fee), permit auction and voluntary agreements for the incentive strength of environmental technology innovation induction followed by enhanced. Under the case of innovative technologies exist a degree of spillover, producers will weigh between independent innovation and technology imitation. At this time, the environmental performance standards, permit auction, environmental taxes(fee) and voluntary agreements for the incentive strength of environmental technology innovation induction followed by enhanced. The difference of incentive intensity is affected by the factor of technology spillover, the marginal cost curve of enterprises ' environmental management and the slope of marginal revenue curve.Although for innovation incentive, the effect of different types of environmental policy are different, each type of policy is gradually appear and develop with a certain amount of subjective and objective conditions, which deed a certain background conditions to suit. Based on the evolution of environmental policy in developed countries in Europe and America, after some analysis of choice, the fourth part of this paper establish the model of dynamic evolution of environmental policy, then combine with China's current national conditions and the actuality of environmental policies to analyse the relevant factors of the evolution of China's environmental policies and choices.Along with the further deepening of China's economic and social reform, the accelerating pace of China's participating in international competition and the improvement requirements of Chinese people for environmental, the integration of environmental technology innovations and environmental policies to induction and stimulate enterprises carry out independently for environmental technological innovation will be one of important policy tools and guidance for easing the contradictions of China's environment and economic development, achieving sustainable development and building environment-friendly society. At present, China's environmental policy still relatively simple and has dense color of control orders, but the objective conditions for promoting the use of MBI has matured. Therefore vigorously promote and develop the MBI, nurture and develop the environmental that the information therapy environmental policy applied, enrich the environment policy instruments, optimize the combination of environmental policies will be the important direction of China's environmental policy development.