Comparative Research On The Pattern Of Environmental Education In School-Community At Home And Abroad

This paper is one of the research results of educational and scientific research topics in the city of Chongqing——Research on the Pattern of Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development in AAW School-Community in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing.The approved number of the topic is 04-GJ-113.With the rapid development of science and technology,the level of human's material civilization has been increasing quickly.At the same time,global environmental issues are also deteriorating rapidly.People begin to realize that,in order to guarantee human's survival and development,we must increase public awareness and ability in the aspect of environmental protection,and carrying out environmental education is an effective way to achieve the goal.From the beginning of 50's in the last century,people start to pay attention to the study of environmental education in schools, as well as the pattern of environmental education has become the hot spot in the study of domestic and foreign experts and scholars.At present,the research on the pattern of environmental education can be roughly divided into two categories.One classification is that the pattern of environmental education is defined as education about the environment,education in the environment, as well as education for the environment.It adopts M.Aiucas' pattern of environmental education,that is based on the objectives of environmental education and who is an environmental education expert of the United Kingdom.The other is defined as the installment model of curriculum.According to this definition,there are mainly five models as follows:infusion combination model,independent class-based model,the model of inter-disciplinary thematic teaching model,outdoor teaching model,and the model of environment theme activity.The pattern of environmental education and education for sustainable development in AAW(Adopt-A-watershed) School-Community is a quite distinctive and effective method in the implementation of environmental protection and education for sustainable development on schools and communities in current international areas.Considering watersheds in communities as living classrooms and letting students practice in them, AAW links science study with their lives,so that it can promote students' learning.By means of the procedure of visiting on the ground - participating in the community-applying science to the community environment - improving the watershed - reflecting and through the watershed,AAW relates the environmental education and education for sustainable development in schools to the community.Through the active participation of students and citizens in the community,AAW improves the community's environment,while raising the awareness for environment and sustainable development of students and citizens as well as cultivating their environmental behavior.In order to optimize the ecological environment and ensure the sustained development of economy in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,there must be a high level of public awareness for environment and sustainable development as well as environmental behaviors,which become the foundation of environment and economy. The improvement of public awareness for environment and sustainable development as well as the cultivation of environmental behaviors require the support of community education system.The future ecological environment and economic development in Three Gorges Reservoir Area depends on whether future citizens have a strong sense for environment and sustainable development as well as environmental behaviors,which requires the support of the school education system.Therefore,the environment education and education for sustainable development in schools and communities is directly related to the present and future ecological environment and sustainable development in Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Through studying the pattern of environmental education in school-community at home and abroad,including elementary and middle schools mainly,analyzing and comparing their respective characteristics and deficiencies,as well as combining with the survey of present conditions of environmental education in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing,the purpose of this research is to study the pattern of environmental education and education for sustainable development in school-community,which fits the characteristics of Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing.By force of this study,we hope through the process of environmental education to link schools with communities organically,which include elementary and middle schools mainly.Moreover,through interaction and active participation between schools and communities,we hope to enhance elementary and middle school students' and public's awareness for environment and sustainable development,while effectively improving the ecological environment of the community.At the same time,we hope that,relying on the study,it can produce some impact on the education concept of domestic schools,other more,carry on some theoretical and practical inquiry to promote the new curriculum and quality-oriented education.For this reason,there is an important theoretical and practical value in this study.This paper focuses on the future environment and sustainable development in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,mainly divided into the following sections:The first part,which is the part of introduction,briefly expounds the background of the study,summarizes the present research conditions at home and abroad,explains its fundamental question and significance,as well as describes its contents,ideas and methods.In the second part,the paper defines and analyzes the core concepts and related components. In the third part,the paper studies the pattern of environmental education in school-community in China and some foreign countries,including the area of mainland and Hong Kong as well as Germany,the United Kingdom,the United States and Japan. Adopting the method of comparison between same categories,it carries on a comparative study in the related documents and legislation,curriculum arrangement, teaching ways and methods,teachers' training,and the evaluation to students,teaching materials and education funding,as well as the internal and external cooperation in environmental education.In the fourth part,the paper carries on a case study on the pattern of environmental education in AAW school-community,which has many characteristics and produces positive effects in the implementation of environmental protection and education for sustainable development.In the fifth part,it conducts the survey of present conditions of environmental education in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing.The sixth part,the part of conclusion,puts forward some suggestion to the implementation of the pattern of environmental education in AAW school-community in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing,as well as carries on the reflection and prospects to the deficiencies and expanding direction of the research.The studying methods of this topic include literature method,comparative research method,case study method,survey study method as well as inductive and summative method.Through content analysis,it comprehends the present research conditions of the pattern of environmental education at home and abroad,defines and analyzes the core concepts and related components,and establishes the dimensions of comparison to the pattern of environmental education.Adopting comparative research,it studies the pattern of environmental education in school-community in China and some foreign countries,including the area of mainland and Hong Kong as well as Germany,the United Kingdom,the United States and Japan,and finds out their differences.Moreover, this topic carries on a case study on the pattern of environmental education in AAW school-community,which has many characteristics and produces positive effects in the implementation of environmental protection and education for sustainable development. Adopting the combination of questionnaire and interview,the topic comprehends the present conditions of environmental education in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing.The topic summarizes the respective characteristics or deficiencies of the pattern of environmental education in school-community at home and abroad as well as in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing,and puts forward some suggestion to the implementation of the pattern of environmental education in AAW school-community in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing...