The Influence Of The Typical Additives Of Emulsion Explosives On The Thermal Decomposition Of Emulsion Explosives

The safety investigation about the emulsion explosive and ammonium nitrate(AN) has been never terminated since many accidents about the explosion of emulsion explosive an AN have happened in the history, most of which suggest that the explosion is due to the heat accumulated by their decomposition during the course of production and storage.In this paper, the kinetic mechanism of the decomposion and kinetic parameters of neat AN and mixtures of neat AN and NaNO₃,NaNO₂,CaNO₃,NH₄Cl,NaCl,urea,emulsifiers,oil phase materials has been investigated by Accelerating Rate Calorimeter. The process of the decomposion of them are described, the activation energy(E, kJ·mol^-1), the pre-coefficient(A, s^-1), reaction order(n), and the initial decomposition temperature(T_o,℃),the final decomposition temperature(T_f,℃),adiabatic temperature rise(ΔT_ab,℃) are determined.The results suggest that AN is a kind of material with relative safety and, simultaneously, is very sensitive to the impurities during thermal decomposion. Different materials have various effects on the decomposion behaviors of AN. It shows that NaNO₃ is helpful in improving the stability of neat AN under close experimental condition. CaNO₃,NHCl₄ and NaCl has some effects on accelerating the decomposition neat AN. The oil materials and emulsifiers have complex influences on de composition of neat AN. They can not only decrease the physical stability of neat AN but also increase the gross of gaseous products. The impact of the detected objects to emulsion explosives is similar to the impact to AN, especially emulsifiers.By synthesizing and analyzing the achievements of the documents, the kinetic mechanism of AN and the typical ingredients of emulsion explosive is investigated, which is valuable for the solution to the safety problem in the production and storage of AN and emulsion explosive.