Preparation Light Biodiesel From Camphor Tree Seed Oil

Biodiesel is a excellent substitute of petroleum diesel which is a kind of clean renewable energy can be made from many plant oils,such as soybean,rapeseed 1,Oil palm,Pistancia chinensis Bungeenging,and engineered microalgae,or animal grease and waste oils.It has extremely low content of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbon,nontoxic,biodegradable,combustion performance,emission performance and safety performance.Furthermore,its oxygen content,cetane value and flash point are higher than petroleum diesel,and in the hazardous exhaust gas,the content of CO,NO,NO₂,sulfide,lead are lower than petroleum diesel.Camphor seed oil has more than 40%in its seed,and the content of medium-chain saturated fatty acid C₁₀～C₁₄ is more than 96%,that can be one kind of the best materials for producing biodiesel.In this paper,the camphor seed oil is extracted with solvent method,and then take the extraction rate of camphor tree seed oil as measurement index,optimize the extraction technology of camphor tree seed oil with single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.Two methods were taken to prepare biodiesel,and than take the rate of esterification and transesterification as measurement index,optimize the biodiesesl preparation technology of camphor tree seed oil with single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.The composition of camphor seed oil and light biodiesel from camphor seed oil is analyzed by gas chromatography,the physicochemical properties of camphor seed oil and light biodiesel was measured by national standards.The results of extraction of camphor tree seed oil shows that:Among the influencing factors,the range of extraction temperature is the biggest,next came liquid-to-solid ratio and extraction time.The optimum extraction technology has been established as follows:extraction temperature 60℃,liquid-to-solid ratio 10,extraction time 8h.Under this condition,the extraction rate of camphor tree seed oil reached to 36.97%.Determinated by gas chromatography,the main component of camphor tree seed oil are capric acid and lauric acid,and their content is 52.05%and 42.77% respectively,next came oleic acid 2.38%,myristic acid 1.19%,linoleic acid 0.48%, palmitic acid 0.40%,octanoic acid 0.19%.Among these fatty acid,the content of medium-chain saturated fatty acid C10～C14 is more than 96%.The main physicochemical index of camphor tree seed oil were established as follows:acid value 19mgKOH/g,iodine value 3.7gI2/100g,saponification value 283 mgKOH/g, density 0.931g/cm3,melting point 20～22℃.The results of preparation light biodiesel from camphor tree seed oil shows that: With camphor tree seed oil and methanol as raw material,one-step method and two-step method for biodiesel preparation were studied.The one-step method used concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst,the optimum technology conditions was established as follows:the molar ratio of methanol to total fatty acid 5,the molar ratio of catalyst to total fatty acid 0.6,reaction time 7h,reaction temperature 65℃,rate of esterification and transesterification of camphor tree seed oil continuously catalyzed by concentrated sulphuric acid is 91.12%under this condition.In the two- step method,the first one was acid-catalyzed process.In which,concentrated sulfuric acid is used to catalyze methyl esterification of free fatty acid in camphor tree seed oil to make its acid value lower than 1mgKOH/g.The reaction conditions were as follows: the molar ratio of methanol to free fatty acid 30,the molar ratio of catalyst to free fatty acid 0.8,reaction time 2h,reaction temperature 60℃,and the acid value was reduced to 0.6mgKOH/g,the esterification rate is 96.84%.The second step used NaOH as catalyst,the optimum technology conditions was established as follows:the molar ratio of methanol to total fatty acid 4.0,the molar ratio of catalyst to total fatty acid 0.050,reaction time 80min,reaction temperature 55℃,transesterification rate had reached to 94.38%.Determinated by gas chromatography,the composition of fatty acid methyl ester of biodiesel from camphor tree seed oil is methyl caprate53.67%,methyl laurate 42.92%,methyl myristate 0.44%,methyl palmitate0.37%,methyl oleate 2.11%,methyl linoleate 0.26%,and except of the flash point,other physicochemical properties of biodiesel are up to national standard of biodiesel(GB/T 20828-2007),national standard of NO.0 diesel oil(GB252—2000) and American standard of biodiesel (ASTM 6751-02).Furthermore,many physicochemical properties of this. biodiesel,such as density,kinematic viscosity,cetane number,oxidation stability,distillation range,are better than other biodiesel because of its main components C₁₀ and C₁₂.