| The study of regional population, resources, environment and socio-economic coordinated development is a major issue on regional research. Accompanied by rapid population growth, urban land expansion, the intensity of human activities, unprecedented urbanization process, the relationship of people and the natural ecological environment became imbalance. River basin is a special region with the characteristics of entirety and relation, regional and diversity, gradation and network, opening and dissipation etc. It is an important unit that organizes and governs national economy as well as a natural region. In river basin, all natural essential factors relate closely each other, and there is remarkable influence in inter-region. Xiangjiang River originated from Haiyang Mountain in Lingui of Guangxi, is the largest river in Hunan and one of the largest tributaries of Yangtze River. Xiangjiang length of 856-km and 670-km of it in Hunan province, accounting for 78.2%of length, drainage area 85383 square kilometers, accounting for 90.2%of the total area, accounting for 40.3%of total land area in Hunan Province.It is including the most or all of Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Chenzhou, Yongzhou, the small part of Loudi, Shaoyang, Yueyang the local, across 65 counties and 9 cities. The level of industrialization Xiangjiang River basin is the highest, the fastest growing areas of urbanization in Hunan. Xiangjiang River basin in Hunan province's GDP accounted for 62.34% in 2008. Along with urbanization, industrialization, accelerating, economic and social development of convection within resources, environment and ecology are profound. Because large quantities of industrial sewage and solid waste emissions, resulting in Xiangjiang River mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic and other heavy metals exceeding the water quality poor, Hengyang, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha cities such as river water pollution is relatively serious. The continuous expansion of urban construction land, artificial development of land and large-scale quantity, vegetation severely damaged, resulting in the heterogeneity of the habitat system became lower. The key to solving the problem lies in how to maintain an orderly PRED system of Xiangjiang River basin.In the paper, introduced the theory of regional PRED system's research at home and abroad, reviewed and summarized the history of regional PRED system's research and progress, we conclude that the research on PRED system is more based on a fragile ecological environment in arid areas of the basin than the area of rapid urbanization. So aimed at all the above problems, this paper basin on the basic theory and method of regional PRED system research, determine the ideas and framework of this paper. This research takes Xiangjiang River basin's population, resources, environment and socio-economic data to analysis the characteristics of rapid urbanization in the Xiangjiang River basin, summarized the mechanism of the Xiangjiang River basin's urbanization, and the impact of rapid urbanization on PRED system. Using qualitative analysis and quantitative methods to build Xiangjiang River basin's evaluation index system, the results showed that the coordination of watershed PRED system with economic subsystem, population subsystem, is better than resources subsystem and environment subsystem.According to the evaluation of Xiangjiang River basin's PRED system, we proposed the strategy of sustainable development of Xiangjiang River basin's PRED system must be based on the comprehensive management of the entire areas, according to different areas with different methods. Meanwhile, For sustainable economic development in Xiangjiang River basin must be to change the current model of development. Finally, we hope that this paper could provide useful lessons for the development of similar areas.
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