| Ecological degradation is the prominent one of many environmental problems we are facing in today's society, it is very serious in the world, especially in developing countries. Ecological degradation is more severe in China. The strong disturbance of the surface, which is caused by the special climate and the large population's production and living in Funiu mountain of Huai river, caused serious soil erosion, and leading to the deterioration of ecological environment of the area, in many places,soil erosion and ecological degradation is very serious, and has become the constraints of sustainable development in the national economy healthy and in building a harmonious society and a new socialist countryside. In order to clarify the environmental status and reasons of ecological degradation, taking the TM images of 1987,1997 and 2007 as data sources,obtained the landscape map of Funiu mountain area. then selected the typical landscape indexes and analyzed the landscape patterns and dynamic changes characters of soil erosion . we constructed the eco-environmental quality evaluation indicators using county-level administrative divisions as the evaluation unit, made a comprehensive vulnerability assessment of ecological environment to the whole region by analytic hierarchy process, and degradation driving force assessment by Factor analysis under the same Indicators. Hope that this research can provide a scientific basis for the area to speed up the pace of ecological degradation, improve the ecological environment and to achieve harmonious development between man and the nature. The main results are as follows:(1) Research on Land use landscape pattern and dynamics shows that: The plaque area and proportion of land use /cover types present such landscape structure characters as arable land> forestland> construction land> water area> grassland. The dynamic of land use between1987~2007 is that the area of cultivated land was decreased, the area of wood land, water area and construction land were obviously increased, the changes in grassland area are very small.(2) Soil erosion characteristic of the area shows that: Soil erosion area was 5798.65 km~2, take the 34.37% of the total area. Mild and moderate erosion area accounts for more than 30% of total area, reach 95% of the total erosion area. Soil erosion is mainly distributed in northern, western and southern regions. The overall situation of soil erosion is that, the eastern region is better than the western, the central region is slightly better than the southern and northern regions. In recent 20 years, the overall change of soil erosion area was not obvious. But looking from different erosion intensities, the change is more obvious: The trend of the slight soil erosion area was firstly increased and then decreased, moderate soil erosion area was firstly decreased and then increased, strong and the very strong soil erosion was also decreased at first and then increased.(3) The result of ecological vulnerability assessment shows that: The overall ecological environment of the region is not optimistic; the vulnerability in most parts of the study area is above moderate. In space, the vulnerability of the eastern area is higher than the west, south is higher than central area and northern area; In time, the movement of vulnerability in these three periods showed a "V" shape, EVI of 1997 was decreased compared with 1987, and the Ecological vulnerability in 2007 was significantly increased compared to 1997.(4) The analysis of the driving force of ecological degradation showed that: the main driving force of ecological degradation of Funiu Mountain in Huai River represents as six following aspects: land reclamation and erosion conditions, soil and near-surface cover conditions, climatic conditions, population carrying capacity and industrial levels, eco-environment background and cultural qualities of the cultural quality situation.
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