Determination Of Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions From Panel Furniture By Full-scale Chamber

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) plays an important role in affecting human health, while, wood-based furniture used indoor is a key factor. Because of a lot of wood-based panels, paint and adhesive used in furniture- manufacturing, furniture emits volatile organic compounds (VOC) which damages human health, including Benzene series, aldehydes, total volatile organic compound(TVOC). In this research, emission rule of VOC was studied under different loading rate. Test materials were purchased from furniture markets, and 30m3 full-scale chamber was used in this dissertation. Besides, VOC released from panel (furniture components) and furniture assemblies were tested and compared with small-scale chamber and 30m3 full-scale chamber under the same condition, respectively. Under the small-scale chamber, VOC released from different surface treatment of furniture panel was compared. Instruments such as Gas chromatograph (GC-FID), Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrum(GC-MS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) were used to analyze constituents and concentrations of VOC in the dissertation research, which will provide basic data and reference for VOC inspections for furniture and wood-based panel. Conclusions are as follows:Under full-scale chamber condition, emissions of Benzene series, TVOC, formaldehyde and total aldehydes increase with the increase of loading. Benzene series and formaldehyde are main VOC constituents emitted from furniture. When loading rate is 1.06 m2/m3, Benzene series, TVOC, and total aldehydes and formaldehyde are 39.10μg/m3, 150.85μg/m3, 135.22μg/m3 and 124μg/m3 respectively; when loading rate is 2.12m2/m3, Benzene series, TVOC, and total aldehydes and formaldehyde are 145.10μg/m3, 653.80μg/m3, 297.96μg/m3 and 243μg/m3 respectively; when loading rate is 3.18m2/m3, Benzene series, TVOC, and total aldehydes and formaldehyde are 163.65μg/m3, 92.10μg/m3, 522.20μg/m3 and 465.00μg/m3 respectively.Benzene series emitted from furniture include benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene; aldehydes include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butaldehyde, pentanal, and hexaldehyde; terpenes includeα-pinene, camphene and ?- careen.Under the testing condition, when loading rate is 2.12m2/m3, concentration of TVOC is 0.65 mg/m3 , concentration of formaldehyde is 0.24 mg/m3. Both values exceed the required values of standard value of GB/T 18883"Indoor air quality standard", which specifies the values are 0.6 mg/m3, 0.1mg/m3 respectively. The concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylene are 0.014mg/m3, 0.019mg/m3 and 0.089mg/m3 respectively. These values do not exceed specified values of standard 0.11mg/m3,0.2mg/m3,0.2mg/m3 respectively.Concentrations of Benzene series, TVOC, and total aldehydes and formaldehyde emitted from Furniture panel(MDF overlayed with paint) are 80.12μg/m3,192.9μg/m3,80.49μg/m3 and 70.93μg/m3 with small chamber respectively. Under the same condtion with full-scale chamber, full-scale chamber emits less Benzene series and TVOC, more total aldehydes and formaldehyde were released, as a result of the exposure of some components of furniture which were not finished with veneer or painted.Benzene series, TVOC, and total aldehydes and formaldehyde emitted from furniture used MDF substrate are 5.51μg/m3, 64.72μg/m3, 617.52μg/m3 and 607.00μg/m3 respectively; and 32.06μg/m3, 184.13μg/m3, 366.24μg/m3 and 350.05μg/m3 respectively, for furniture with veneer overlays. Compared with furniture used MDF substrate, it is obvious the furniture with veneer overlays emits less formaldehyde but more TVOC, equelling to emissions from furniture with paint, however, due to the paint process, emission of Benzene series increased dramatically from 32.06μg/m3 to 80.12μg/m3.Terpenes emitted from medium density fiberboard includeα-pinene, camphene and ?- careen. Terpenes emitted from veneer overlays includeα-pinene, camphene, ?- careen and Caryophyllene.