Studies On Valley Ecological Compensation Modes And Innovations

Externalities lead to tragedy of the commons and the"free ride"phenomenon in the long-term and are not conducive to the optimal allocation of basin water resources and the sustainable exploitation. It requires coordinative arrangements through the establishment of incentive mechanisms for the socio-economic and ecological of the basin to solve external problems, that is the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism of the lower reaches to the upper region, the choice of the compensation model is the guarantee for the realization of ecological compensation.Based on the theory of environment externalities and overall review of ecological compensation of domestic and international research, by general means of the internalization of externalities Pigou and Coase in the property tax, the main ecological compensation is defined as government compensation, market compensation and NGO participation compensation in the perspective of ecological compensation operator. Government compensation is the most direct and simplest form, the marketing compensation is a conductive supplement to the government compensation, and NGO participation in the market compensation model is an effective form is an effective mode of government compensation. In the actual process, these three models of ecological compensation should be determined based on the different characteristics of the main beneficiaries, Market Compensating Model subject to production by water, Government Compensating Model subject to ecological water mainly, resident domestic water mainly to be compensated by intermediary of water plant for realization of the water compensation.Ecological compensation activates in partial domestic regions, and breeds models such as property rights transactions, remote development, financial transfer payment as well as ecological compensation funds, which add up to ecological compensation theory and guarantee the ecological compensation funds to achieve the sustainable use of water resources. However, the ecological compensation mechanism is far from perfect, which led to some activities that could not be tackled in the practice of ecological compensation. Comparing advantages and disadvantages of all modes, application conditions prospects of the future practice directions are studied.Ecological quota trading, a kind of market compensation model supported by executive power, is put forward in order to ensure the realization of ecological compensation based on depth study of existing theoretical and practical models in the preliminary phase.