Application Research Of Wetland Information Extraction In Different Regions Using The Remote Sensing Technology

Wetlands and forests, marine tied called the world's top three ecosystems, known as "kidney of the earth", is the transition zone between terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems, and has the important hydrological and ecological functions. But in recent years, due to the rapid economic development and rapid population growth, the wetland resources have been damaged more and more serious, which is a serious threat to the wetland ecosystem. Therefore, timely and accurately grasping the status of wetland resources and the circumstances of its changes, preventing the disappearance and degradation of wetlands, and rational development and utilization of wetland resources, have become a major issue of concern.This paper takes ZhuHai City, Fen River in ShanXi Province as the research object, respectively using the three period images of remote sensing, such as the MSS of Fen River Basin in 1970, the TM of Fen River Basin in 1995, the TM of Fen River Basin in 2009 and the TM of ZhuHai in 1995, the ETM of ZhuHai in 2002, the CBERS of ZhuHai in 2009. Combined with topographic maps of Fen River in ShanXi Province, the color infrared aerial photos of the Fen River Basin and the topographic map of ZhuHai City, the status information of the two research wetland areas was extracted, and the dynamic degree of wetlands, Markov model and transfer matrix were used to analyze the dynamic changes of wetlands. Finally, analyzing the distribution status of the two research regional wetlands, exploring the driving mechanism in it, and combined with the actual situation in the two areas, the ecological protection of wetland and the measures of integrated prevention were proposed to achieve sustainable development for these wetland resources of two regions.The main research results and conclusions are as follows: (1) Using remote sensing and GIS technology studied the status of wetlands and the situation of its changes, not only reflecting the changes of wetlands area from the data, but also directly showing the status of their spatial distribution and dynamic changes from the vector map, and reflecting the development law of the two study wetland area in the space. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, in time and space it has great advantages.(2) Respectively using the dynamic degree of wetlands and Markov models analyzed temporal and spatial variation in the wetlands of the two study areas. We found that, between 1995 and 2009 in ZhuHai City, and between 1970 and 2009 in the Fen River Basin, natural wetlands were basically decreasing trend, while the constructed wetlands were gradually increasing trend. In ZhuHai City, the increase of the constructed wetlands exceeded the decline of the natural wetlands, and the total area of wetlands was increasing. Although in the Fen River Basin natural wetlands were decreasing and the constructed wetlands were increasing year by year, the increase area of the constructed wetlands were less than the reduction areas of the natural wetlands. Therefore, the total wetland area of the Fen River Basin was decreasing trend, in which the dynamic degree of the constructed wetlands was maximum, conversion rate was most obvious, with population growth and economic development human activities on wetlands intervention were increasingly obvious.(3) The contrast of the change of the north and south wetlands was used to analyze the different changes of the north and south of wetlands, summing up the different causes in the reduction of wetlands of the humid areas and arid and semi arid areas, and its driving forces were divided into the natural driving forces and human driving forces. Natural driving factors mainly included temperature and precipitation; human driving factors included population growth, economic development, the legal system's imperfections and lack of enough publicity and so on. Natural driving factors and human driving factors interacted at different temporal and spatial scales, resulting in a current common status of the wetlands, in which human driving factors play a major role.