Land Use And Land Cover Change(LUCC) And The Driving Forces Of The Nature Reserve Of Shuangtai River Estuary In The Past 50 Years

The national nature reserve of Shuangtai River Estuary is located in the lower reaches of Liaohe River Estuary. There are many wetlands in this region, and the land use and land cover types are various. The land use and land cover change(LUCC) and the driving forces in the national nature reserve of Shuangtai River Estuary from 1963 to 2013 were analyzed by utilizing the Keyhole KH-4A, KH-4B and Landsat TM, ETM, OLI-TIRS remote-sensing images of 7 different periods in the past 50 years. The method combining GIS spatial analysis with mathematical statistics was adopted. The driving forces of LUCC of the national nature reserve of Shuangtai River Estuary in the past 50 years were analyzed from both qualitative and quantitative. The results are shown as follows.(1)The natural wetland area diminished 27 071.18 hm2, while the artificial wetland area and the non wetland area increased 21 178.44 hm2 and 5 892.74 hm2 during 1963 to 2013. The natural water area diminished 9 341.57 hm2 for the marsh reeds and tidal flat pushing to the south during 1963 to 1984. The marsh reeds area and aquaculture area increased 6 073.91 hm2 and 4 801.76 hm2, while the natural water area and tidal flat area diminished 7 183.93 hm2 and 5 824.46 hm2 during 1984 to 1992. The farmland area and tidal flat area increased 8 468.54 hm2 and 7 021.78 hm2, while the natural water area and marsh reeds diminished 12 684.11 hm2 and 5 712.22 hm2, the comprehensive land use dynamics was the largest during 1992 to 2000 and the LUCC was more obvious in this stage. The aquaculture area increased 4 352.75 hm2 during 2000 to 2007. The construction area increased 2 307.34 hm2 during 2007 to 2013.(2) There were large differences between every stage of the land use dynamics in the national nature reserve of Shuangtai River Estuary during 1963 to 2013. The overall characteristics of comprehensive land use dynamic first increased and then decreased. The comprehensive land use dynamics was the largest during 1992 to 2000 which was 3.69%, and the variation of different types of land use and land cover is most obvious in this stage during last 50 years. The single land use dynamics of different types of land use were different during each stage, and the single land use dynamics of aquaculture was the largest during 1984 to 1992 which was 481.25%. The single land use dynamics of the artificial wetland and the non wetland types were higher than the single land use dynamics of the natural wetland types. The change of the artificial wetland and the non wetland were more obvious than the natural wetland in each stage.(3)The LUCC of the national nature reserve of Shuangtai River Estuary was influenced by many factors, and the performance of each factors were different during different periods. In general, topographic and geomorphic features, climate, soil, hydrology were the mainly biophysical factors, while population, economy, policy and technology were the mainly social economic factors. The mainly biophysical factors were the basic conditions as well as the indirect driving forces of LUCC of the national nature reserve of Shuangtai River Estuary, while the mainly social economic factors were the direct driving forces of LUCC of the national nature reserve of Shuangtai River Estuary.