Study On The Emergency Management System Of Environmental Pollution Accident

Since 1970s, with the quick development of our country's social economy, resources and the environment are confronted with unprecedented pressures, coupled with the blind development of some areas, China has already entered the peak period of emergent environmental pollution events. Emergent environmental pollution events have characteristics with sudden, high risk, controllability, so it's important to mitigate the level of harm by enhancing the emergency management of emergent environmental pollution events, enhancing public awareness of risk prevention and raising emergency personnel's level of early warning and response.China began the construction of emergency management system from 2002, but the high incidence of emergent environmental pollution events in recent years proved that there are many problems in organization construction, emergency procedures designing and emergency resources management, the construction of emergency management system lags behind the emergency need of emergent events. So the paper studied the emergency management system of environmental pollution accident focusing on the organizations, emergency mechanism, public participation and the compilation of emergency plan.Firstly, the paper adopted contrastive analysis and learned from the construction methods of emergency management system in the United States and Japan, then proposed the emergency management organization including emergency decision-making institution, emergency command center, accident treatment agencies and the consulting agencies according to the needs of emergency management, and investigated the composition departments and corresponding works of each organization.Secondly, the paper established emergency response process which comprises receiving alert, accident level determining, warning information releasing, initiating emergency plan and implementing response operations, and then described the alarm content, incident level judging indicators, points for attention when warning information release and the details of emergency response operation. Apart from that, the paper discussed the content of information exchange between emergency response organizations in the response process.Thirdly, the paper studied the emergency management work before emergency accident occurs. The paper discussed the investigating contents of the risk sources, the risk assessment procedures of the sources, the information communication of risk sources, the main methods of publicity, the education and training contents, and then classified the emergency management resources, meanwhile defined the management details.Fourthly, public participation can play an important role in the emergency management of environment pollution events. The paper classified the public into four types of individual public, social organizations, experts and scholars according the different functions. And then studied the contents and means of participation in the different stages (i.e., prevention and preparation, emergency response and accident recovery) of emergency management. The study provides some new ideas and methods for the construction of emergency management organizations, the establishment of emergency plans, and can contribute to improve emergency management effectively.Finally, the study summed up the main problems of the existing emergency plan of environmental pollution accident, and proposed the compilation principle of the emergency plan, then proposed the compilation process of the emergency plan including establishing the institutions, data collection, emergency resources and capability assessment, drawing up emergency plan text, evaluation and publishing, and then expounded the three ways of emergency plan maneuver.The study provides some new ideas for China's emergency management system of environmental pollution accident, in which the construction method of emergency management organization, setting of the emergency response process and the work content of emergency management in the normal state can be applied to the compilation of emergency plan to improve the plans'operability and the level of emergency management effectively.