Study On Biological Characteristics And Processing Technology Of Cornus Officinalis

Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc. belongs to the Cornus officinalis genus Cornus, its dry ripe fruit is used as medicine, and contained in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2005 edition. This product is acid, shibuya, gentle, hepatic, renal, as with liver and kidney tonic, tonifying Kidney to control nocturnal emission,is the main raw material of Liuweidihuangwan and Bawei series and one of 40 varieties of medicinal herbs. In our country, it mainly distributed in Henan, Zhejiang, Shanxi and other provinces and in Henan provinces, it mainly concentrated at the areas of Xixia County. In recent years, application range of dogwood is gradually expanded; the research on its pharmacology and efficacy is deeply increasingly. Research has shown that dogwood can hypoglycemic, anti-aging and enhance the role of immune functions, can be used to diabetes and other diseases and has very high medicinal value.At present, reports about the standardization of the cultivation of dogwood are few, in order to standardize the market and improve the quality of dogwood, in this article, studies on the biological characteristics of dogwood in Xixia were carried out. The purpose of this dissertation is to elucidate the bloom and fruitification of dogwood and its relationship with temperature Influence and establish the quality standard system of appearance shape. Best harvest time and best pretreating of processing were simultaneously determined through the determination of effective constituents as a reference for the establishment of standard operating procedure (S0P).The main findings are as follows:1. Habit of bloom and fructification of dogwood and the relationship with temperatureInfluence.Bud stage of dogwood is in mid-March; it blooms in mid-late March; the dogwood fruit period is in mid-late April; fast growing of fruits is from early May to June; slow growing of fruit is from mid-June to July; internal enriching of fruit is during August and September; the fructescence of dogwood is during October and November.Bud split and blooming of dogwood will be delayed if daily mean temperature is sustained lower than 8℃in early-mid March (bud stage) or lower than 12℃in mid- late March (floret blooming stage).2. The dynamic changes of chemical constituents of dogwood of different tree age.Bearing branche of dogwood updated one time every 20-30 years, during the period, the tree is weak, fruit few and typically smaller fruit, and low content of chemical composition in dry fruit. Dry flesh yield of different tree ages is proportional to tree vigor and plumpness of the fruit. Dogwood is in full fruit period which tree age is between 20 and 30 years, between 50 and 70 years or more than 100 years while it is in bearing branche updating period which tree age is between 30 and 50 years, or between 80 and 100 years.3. The best period of Cornus officinal is harvested after frost.Content of loganin of dogwood has direct relation with d fruit color, the lighter the appearance color, the higher the content. The content of water extract and alcohol extract is highest and the content of loganin is stable after the dogwood fruit fully colored (namely of harvested after frost). The best harvest period of dogwood is after frost when the peel and flesh is red.4. The hot cooking is the most influential factors in the pretreating processing which effects medicinal quality of dogwood.The hot cooking has the most effect on medicinal quality of dogwood in the pretreating processing, while there is little effect of time of air-dries, drying temperature and turn interval time. Boiling hot water should be determined by the water content of fresh fruit, generally between 0-6 minutes, the higher water content of the fruit, the shorter the cooking time. If hot cooking time is too long, content of alcohol extract and loganin and yield is low relatively, and the appearance characters is also worse, the color of water after hot cook became red and turbid, some fruit has been destroyed. The analysis result has shown that the best pretreating processing of dogwood is boiling 4 minutes after picking the fruit and air-dried for 24-hour after washing and detearing, then remove fruit stone by machine and drying at the temperature from 65℃to 70℃, turn it every 80 minutes until the drying time.