The System Of Urban Highway Impact Analysis

Expressway is a new mode of transportation emerged in 20th century, an important part of modern comprehensive transportation network, a sign of the modernization of transportation, and it has a profound and extensive impact on the modern socio-economic development and urban layout. In the period of the rapid development of expressway in China and in the situation of the accelerating process of the urbanization, it is necessary for us to explore in the analysis of the impact of expressway on the development of urban system in depth.The paper is based on urban spatial organization theory, new classical urban theory, central place theory, point-axis theory, traffic economic belt theory, spatial econometrics theory and other relevant knowledge and theory, and methods of document analysis, systems analysis and the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis was used, then the impact mechanism and model between the expressway and the development of urban system had been analysed comprehensively and deeply in this paper. In this paper, first, the space costs is considered based on transaction cost, and the transportation cost is classified into the transaction costs, and degree model of transaction cost is used into quantitative analysis of the cost of space. Second, the mathematical model of the impact of expressway on urban systern is established based on the existing theory. Third, combined with the panel data in Hunan Province, the spatial effect of expressway is analysed empirically using the spatial econometric methods.In this paper, the impact of expressway on the urban system was analysed and explained mainly from three areas in the process of research. First, the expressway is mainly to improve the geographic conditions and traffic conditions of a city, and a large number of historical experience shows that formation and development of the city and the layout of cities and towns have an essential relationship with unique geographical conditions and traffic conditions. The changes of urban regional conditions and traffic conditions impact the development of the city, the distribution and form of the city. Second, the using of expressway lower transportation costs, reduce time and space distance, closer links between cities, provide the necessary technical support to raise the trade efficiency and the level of division of labor. New Classical theory explains that the raising of the level of division of labor and transaction efficiency will inevitably lead to the formation of the city, at the same time this will have a profound impact on the size of city and the speed of changes in urban development. Third, the operation of expressway will lead to the formation of industrial belt along expressway, especially with unique geographical advantages and traffic conditions the expressway entrance attract the industry concentration, at the same time have impact on the change of industrial structure, thereby affecting the city status and functional changes in urban system. Regional economic integration, agglomeration, metropolitan will be the inevitable trend of the development of urban system.