| With essential value of enhancing the environmental quality, enriching the terrain feature, urban waterfront is the important resource of city development. Influenced by the increasing attention to natural ecological environment and the theory of sustainable development, the special status of urban waterfront are receiving pervasive attention. Urban waterfront is the zone of most natural activities in a city. Microclimate adjustment of the river, purification ability of the water system and green plant community are bringing city endless advantages. Due to the expansion of city and human's severe intervention to natural process, the ecological adjustment function of riverfront ecological system is destroyed. It brings the contradiction between city and river and result in a vicious circle. Based on the sustainable development theory, from the aspect of landscape ecology, urban ecology and restoration ecology, this article studies on the methods of restoration of river ecological system, so as to achieve virtuous circle and the sustainable development of urban environment and river.Starting with the research background, based on the domestic and abroad study of waterfront, the article analyzes the main types, structural elements of urban waterfront landscape, summarizes the ecological characteristics and function of waterfront landscape. Furthermore, following the theory of sustainable development, this article also states the principle of landscape ecological optimization, and analyzes the three ways of landscape ecological optimization.Taking the Xiang River waterfront as the example, this article analyzes the characteristics and existing problems of ecological environment of Xiang River waterfront landscape in detail, put forward some ecological optimization strategies, such as constructing reasonable structure of river ecological system, landscape optimization which integrating the city, and landscape ecological optimization which based on the section.
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