Development Of Crane Laser Detector

Lifting appliance is a kind of electromechanical equipment used for lifting, transiting, loading or unloading and installing objects, which is widely applied in the industries such as metallurgy, mechanical manufacturing and building materials. However, the factors such as the defects in design and manufacturing, doing long-term overloading jobs as well as improper operation may all cause injuries to lifting appliances, and all these may bring cease to the engineering project or even loss of lives and personal injuries. As for these reasons, crane is listed as special equipment requiring special test and management. Currently, for lack of specialized high-precision equipments used for security detection of cranes, the security detection efficiency is very low. Therefore, it has greatly significant practical significance and social value to research and develop safe, efficient and intelligent specialized security detection instruments used in cranes.The thesis is based on the analysis and comparison of the approaches of current security detection of cranes. It combines the structure characteristic of the existing mainstream cranes, and then proposes the principle of measurement and technical plan of the laser detectors used in cranes, which also conducts theoretical analysis about the plan's technical feasibility, key points and difficulties so as to propose system programs. The total system is divided into three modules; they are the mechanical structure system, the hardware system and the software system used for detection.When designing the mechanical structure system, according to the overall technical request it draws up the overall plan of the mechanical system and tells different functions and characteristics of different components. In this part, it emphasizes on the theoretical analysis of the impact that the relationship of the three axes in mechanical structure has on the system precision. Through drawings of engineering design, 3D solid modeling and simulation analysis, it gives subsequent approaches in processing, assembling and installing as well as the precision compensation. When designing the hardware system used for detection, it begins with the principle of measurement and the program designing the overall program of the detection system. It starts at the principle of realizing the function, and then conducts lectotype design and relative interface design about distance laser sensor, photoelectricity module and components such as core chips, and so on. And a PCBA is designed finally for the detection hardware system. When designing the detection software system, it draws up the software system program, designing and developing specifically about the main program, timing module, as well as data analysis program, so as to finish the whole embedded software. After researching and developing the three modules, the total system is assembled joint debugged, and the preliminary calibration is done to the detector according to the system calibration plan that has been made. In order to test the properties of this detector, a fixed-point checking test is firstly done indoor, and then doing spot test at the work site. Comparisons and analysis about the testing data are conduct between the detector designed and the common-use detectors used by Special Equipment Inspection Institute. Result shows that the detector designed can satisfy the prevision request of crane's security detection, and the detection efficiency is increased greatly.The thesis at last summarizes the existing problems about this instrument and proposes relative technical measurement and approaches to improve the properties of the instrument designed.The laser detector used in cranes designed in this thesis is characterized with easy operation, high efficiency in detection and intelligentize, which finely meet the requirement of the market. Meanwhile, it obtains great reference value to the research and development of other similar instruments.