| As one of the most important components in landscape design, plant landscape is not only the comprehensive production of regional climate, geography, history, culture, folklore and other factors in certain period of time, but also the best representative carrier of regional characteristics. In China, vast land, long history, different landscape styles, multiple design techniques and various plants, all of the factors have laid a very good foundation for regional plant landscape. Since the promotion of humans' both environmental and ecological awareness, plant landscape has been paid more and more attention. The rapid development of modern urban landscape has greatly contributed to the appearance and application of new landscape plants. However, plant landscape all over the country are sharing increasing assimilations, and regional characteristics are either missing, mainly because of the over extension and widely application of some new plants and advanced techniques, and partly because of large imitation among cities and areas. In response to this phenomenon, a number of experts and scholars in different fields begin to search and recover regional characteristics of plant landscape, and advocate that the representation of regional characteristics in its own development of landscape should also be paid higher attention.In this paper, regional characteristic as the breakthrough point, plant landscape in Kunming is taken as research object. On the basis of the analysis of natural factors such as climate, geographical environments and faunas and floras, and social factors such as history, cultures and folklores, the regional characteristics in Kunming are summarized, including their effects on the formation of plant landscape. Through the preliminary sorting of the landscape evolution in Kunming, the main shapes and characteristics of landscape and plant landscape in different periods are studied, under the control of different politics, economy, culture and even religion and so on. On the investigation and research of the status of plant landscape, the characteristics of plan landscape are probed from three layers, plant landscape space, plant communities and plant species. By comparison and further investigation, the regional characteristics of plant landscape in Kunming are extracted, and some existing problems are also discussed. The main results are as follows,1. The regional characteristics have great effect on the formation of landscape and plant landscape. Kunming is North latitude subtropical climate, and is situated in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. It has rich plant resources and various flowers all the year round. Above all, with more than two thousand years of history, multiple cultures and folklores, local plant application forms and unique plant cultures are formed gradually.2. The landscape in Kunming mainly has three periods, which are generation period of Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, development period of Tang, Song Yuan Dynasties, and mature period of Ming and Qing Dynasties.'Garden Court'being the sprout of landscape, there are royal garden, temple garden, private garden and public garden, four shapes in total. With the development of local landscape and gardens, the plant landscape also has relevant shapes and features. It mainly emphasizes on the utilization and protection of natural forests and plants with high ornamental values. As the results, many scenic spots with graceful plant landscape, ancient and famous trees become very popular for the reflection of regional characteristics in their plant landscape.3. The plant landscape in Kunming shows some regional characteristics respectively on the plant landscape space, plant communities and plant species, under the comprehensive influence of climate, geography, plant resources, folk cultures and other factors. In the plant landscape space research, the shapes and features of space in parts of landscape are relatively discernible. Plants are still attached to the component elements like hills, water and architecture, and they are merely decorative elements but not one of the space components. In the plant community research, the dominant plants are subtropical plants, and the forests are mixed ones with evergreen and deciduous plants. The plant community of 'tree-shrub-herb'is the main structure and has high appearance frequency of the five models. In the plant species research, flower plants are applied most, followed by evergreen plants and native plants. The species belonging to the families of Rosaceae, Magnoliaceae, Ericaceae, Oleaceae and Palmae etc. also show higher appearance frequency. 4. The regional characteristics of plant landscape in Kunming could be concluded as follows:(1) plant species are relatively abundant, and there are totally 453 species commonly applied, belonging to 105 families and 255 genera; (2) native plants fully show regional characteristics, for example, Camellia reticulata is both province and city flower, and some plants endowed with folk cultures are applied in some gardens; (3) flower plants highlights seasonal landscape, a variety of flower plants bloom early and last for a long period, and the overlapping of flower period could extend the ornamental period of the whole plant landscape in large extend.Generally speaking, evergreen plants, native plants and flower plants are widely applied in plant landscape in Kunming, to create'Spring City'and'Flower City', making its regional landscape green and full of flowers everywhere, all the year round. However, the shapes and features of plant landscape space are relatively discernible in parts of landscape; the models of plant community is too single; compared to the rich plant resources, there are still a large number of plants with high ornamental values which could be applied in urban landscape but not. Some native plants and plants endowed with folk cultures are applied not as widely as others. Based on the study of the regional characteristics of plant landscape in Kunming, this paper aims to raise people's contemplation, and provide certain reference to both the creation of regional plant landscape and the construction of regional urban landscape. |
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