Study On Optimal Pricing Theories And Models Of Public Transportation

By considering the effect of occupancy rate on generalised cost firstly, this paper establish a new public transport model based on generalised cost, then it construct two optimal pricing models and service frequency models by the aim of maximizing social welfare and maximizing profit separately. The result shows that, without the effect of externalities, the two optimal service frequency is the same. Meanwhile , from the view of standard welfare analysis, this paper use the approach of optimal pricing to study on optimal subsidy of public transport. It construct three optimal subsidy models from the side of producer(entirely regulation,partly regulation) and consumer separately. Moreover, an example is given to make a comparison with those optimal subsidy models.The fare levels and quality of supply are two significant factors in the operation system of public transport, so it is necessary to analyze the influence of travel distance on those two factors. This paper extend J?rgensen's transport model by considering the influence of the number of passengers on travel time costs, and use the method of comparative statics analysis to discuss how travel distance affects the fare levels and the quality of transport supply. And it concludes some sufficient conditions to ensure optimal fare and optimal quality will increase when the travel distance becomes longer. Furthermore, we discuss the general function of public transport model based on generalised cost and construct the optimal two-part tariffs and optimal nonlinear tariff by considering the income level of citizen. This paper also introduce the Multi-Mode Ticket.Finally, After the essential factors that effect the ticket price of Chongqing light rail transit are analyzed theoretically, This paper conclude that the optimal price level, which is between the marginal cost and the average cost, can be determined by Ramsey pricing model and the idea of"Peak-load Pricing". Furthermore, based on the approximately estimation of price elasticity of demand and operation cost by the methods of Econometrics, it makes a reasonable scale ticket price scheme and pricing estimation system for Chongqing light rail, which also giving a new pricing method for the similar projects in china.