Research On The Congestion Pricing Of Urban Transportation

With the development and realization of industrialization and urbanization, many cities face more and more serious traffic problem. Urban traffic congestion has increasedly worsened and the road resource has become unprecedented absence under the extensive increasing of urban traffic demand. Therefore, urban congestion pricing, as a new method of Transportation Demand Management (TDM), is presented to slower traffic congestion in this paper.But in the past yeas, congestion pricing model is only aimed at users with homogeneous value of time, that is, all users have the same value of time. In fact, every class has different value of time, this largerly affects the choice of users. In order to get more reasonable pricing and more actual choice of users, this paper main study multi-class congestion pricing model and implement countermeasure. So it can be more used in practice.Firstly, this paper analyze the reason of congestion, putting forward three countermeasures: extending the volume of network, traffic controlling and congestion pricing, then compared, thus come to conclusion: when three countermeasures are put in practice harmony, congestion can be big reduced. Secondly , this paper analyze the relationship between traffic volume, density, speed, and travel cost, introduce marginal cost pricing and describe its disadvantages, and bring forward the importance of implementing dynamic toll. Thirdly, this paper review some existent congestion pricing models , then present multi-class congestion pricing model and verify the existence and uniqueness of model result under elastic demand. Then this paper has substantiated through an example that multi-class model can more practically simulate the traffic situation after implementing congestion pricing than single-class model.Finally, the implement countermeasure of congestion pricing has been expounded from three aspects as follows: the innovation of enterprise-vehicle,the accept research of congestion pricing and the research of pricing technology.