Research On Marine Operations Of Fruit-vegetable Containers

Recent decades have seen the rapid development of transportation of fruit and vegetable containers by sea in shipping industry, which benefited from persistent growth of container transportation volume. However, cargo damages or claims involved in their transportation attract more and more attention from both academic institutions and shipping companies.Investigation has shown that the causes of aforesaid damages are as follows:That the lack of knowledge for fruit and vegetables lead to the fact that seafarers cann't carefully and properly look after cargo on board;Differing fruit and vegetables have widely varying requirements for their safe transportation. For safe carriage this will usually required that the proper container are chosed prior to being loading.The insufficient understanding for latest type of fruit-vegetable container cann't meet the aforesaid requirement;The inaccurated equipment providing for each type of fruit-vegetable container could impede foregoing container stowage on board;The check lists of fruit-vegetable container preshipment, stowage and discharging condition have highlightly been necessitated by seafarers and the concerns.With a view to further enhance the safety of the marine operation of fruit-vegetable, reseaches have been made in this thesis with following achievements:Types of fruit and vegetables carried on board have, based on the details of carriage instruction, been distinctly specified. Meanwhile, the transportation properties have been defined according to a great of storage and transit requirement;Check lists of fruit-vegetable container preshipment, stowage and discharging condition has been made with instructions, for the aim to be carried out for inspecting fruit-vegetable container easily by seafarers ; In accordance with the latest controlled atmosphere(CA) theory and advanced fresh air management plus (AFAM_+) standard of ambient air in container, a series of formulas for the determination of maximum air-exchange delay time and volume requirement for reefer container ,which would be used to control storge atmosphere in container during voyages, have been accurately developed;Based on the thermodynamics and biology knowledge, the water activity, initial freezing temperature, food cooling times have been performed mathmatical calculations for checking temperature and relative humidity during voyages.