Research On The Evolvement Of The Traditional Residential Courtyard Houses Of Beijing's Old City

Beijing is a famous historical city. Hutong and courtyard-house system constitutes the basic urban fabric of Beijing's Old City. In the past, the main form of traditional residential houses in Beijing is the Quadrangle Courtyard House. But now it has become"Compound"Courtyard House. This thesis studies the evolvement of the traditional residential houses, with the history as a clue.This thesis consists of three parts. The first part is about the history of the traditional residential houses of Beijing's old city and the formation of"compound"courtyard houses. This thesis reviews the history of courtyard house in Beijing from the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties when courtyard house became a standard type, and to in recent ages when some changes occurred; the thesis analyzes the great historical and cultural values of courtyard house forms during its long history; and there is a Brief Description about large-scale transformations of Beijing's old city after the founding of PRC, resulting in the decrease of traditional courtyards, and the consequential damage to their environment and lifestyles. And then the thesis discusses about the procession of a large number of traditional courtyard houses declining into"compound"courtyard by the end of the 20th century; analyzes the reasons of the formation of compound courtyard; and comparesthe"compound"courtyard with the traditional quadrangle courtyard house. The second part of this thesis is about the living environment of the current compound courtyard of Beijing's old city. The thesis takes South Luoguxiang Historical Area as an example, and summarized the resident status lifestyle through investigations; the thesis focuses on the discussion of self-help building, which can be reference for the redevelopment of the compound court yard; and the existing problems of resident life in the"compound"courtyard is also focused.The third part is about the new changes of traditional residential courtyards of Beijing's old city, and suggestions about the prospect of traditional courtyards. The thesis introduces the new developments such as quasi-quadrangles, antique courtyard and multi-purpose uses along with the development of the times; and through the study of these new phenomena and Ju'er Hutong as an example, the thesis summarize their practical effects; and then the related"gentrification"phenomenon is concerned. About the prospect of the traditional courtyards, the thesis discusses the deference between conservation and alteration; the thesis expounds the traditional courtyard of the revitalization of the significance and realization means; and the thesis discusses the basic preconditions and viable patterns of the redevelopment of the traditional courtyard house.