Research On Methods Of Fire Fighting And Safety Evaluation Of Important Public Place

With the appearance of new type building, fire hazard of architectures have taken much more attention. With the characteristics of concentration of wealth and people, huge space, excessive combustible, complicated function, the fire hazard of the important public building must be great. In case of catching fire, it must should be much more serious as a result of the defect of fire design and management. Consequently, how to evaluate the fire hazard of the important public building should be a desirable project.Based on the fire protection and system evaluation theory of public place, the method of performance-based fire protection design which is adapted to public place is discussed. By the main factors of fire hazard, establish mathematical model and analyze the fire development, smoke flow and safety evacuation with quantity, thus the fire safety evaluation result can be acquired. The contents of this paper show as flows:(1) Research on the method of fire hazard evaluation of public place. Based on the analysis of lots of documents, this paper sums up some common theories and methods from some researches of America, Japan, England and other developed countries, and presents a basic research method.(2) Establish safety evaluation model of public place, which the purpose and methods of fire safety evaluation are confirmed. On the basis of performance-based fire protection design, fire scenario's design which is adapted to Performance-Based Fire Protection of public place is determined. Then through the calculation of fire load and heat release rate as well as fire hazard degree analysis, the fire hazard of public place was identified, which build the new model of Fire Hazard Identification and risk analysis of public place.(3) Through fire scenario's design for the architecture of public place that the fire hazard is higher, establish a computer-based mathematical model and explore the variation of smoke, heat and visibility, thus it can get the fire hazard falling time. Then based on the safety evacuation affected factors of different fire scenario, the safety evacuation time can be acquired though Togawa experience formula. At last, the fire hazard falling time is compared with the people safety evacuation time to confirm the fire safety of supermarket architecture.(4)Example. The fire safety assessment method proposed in this paper is applied to evaluate the fire hazard of one supermarket. Then get the final result to analyze the security of the supermarket which confirms the feasibility of fire hazard assessment method of important public place proposed in this paper.