Research On Windows Of Residences Of Ming And Qing Dynasties In Shanghai

Shanghai has many residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties which are rich in history, cultural connotation. Currently academic study on Shanghai residents are more concentrated in the modern Shikumen buildings, but are lack of attention, window in residents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties as an independent study of subjects is even more rare. As an important component of traditional building elements, windows'design and production reflect the historical and cultural connotation of the vernacular architecture. They have high historical, cultural, artistic value, so it's necessary to study them deeply. At the same time, the study of windows is also contributed to the further study of Jiangnan traditional houses.In this paper, "window" in Shanghai residents of Ming and Qing is the research object, the theoretical basis is "Ying Zao Fa Yuan", and from the window types and decorative arts, design system, "Window" style composition, decoration, design practices and rules, as well as embodied humanities content, geographical characteristics in Shanghai residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties are discussed. Comparative analysis with the types, decoration, practices of windows which are described in "Ying Zao Fa Yuan"are made so as to explore deeply "Window" features in Shanghai residents of Ming and Qing.This paper is composed of six chapters. They are introduction, overview of residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shanghai, types of window, decorative art of window, design system of windows and conclusions.The first chapter is introduction. Status quo, meaning,and purpose on research are discussed. And then, the scope of study is defined, the content and methods are introduced.Chapter II is about overview of residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shanghai.We analyze the overview of residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shanghai, by exploring natural environment, history, culture, economy and the course of development about traditional houses.Chapter III is about types of windows. Firstly, there's an overview of windows, the basic component window is analyzed further. Then on the basis of "Ying Zao Fa Yuan", "Window" types in Shanghai residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties are categorized. Styles composition, location, specific uses of all window types combined with examples are analyzed. Factors which have influence on forming window types are explored from natural climatic and housing function. Finally, window types in "Ying Zao Fa Yuan" and Shanghai residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties are compared with each other.Chapter IV is about decorative arts of windows. First of all, on the basic of field research, kinds of decorative patterns and components of windows are summarized.and then, decorative features of windows on residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shanghai are discussed from four aspects on times, region, scholars'culture and practicality. Then, decorative methods are analyzed, and are compared with decoration of windows in "Yi Zao Fa Yuan" furtherly.In Chapter V, design system of windows is analyzed.By Japanese Kiwari theory,we analyze the contents of windows in "Yi Zao Fa Yuan" so as to summary design system of windows. On this basis, we select several residents with typical style of Ming and Qing Dynasties and completed preservation in Shanghai, survey and map to get relevant data.And then, by analyzing and collating these data, we explore design rule of windows in residents of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Shanghai.Chapter VI is about conclusions of the paper, the results of research are summarized.