The Research Of Spatial Layout And Location Of Public Service Facility Based On GIS

With the continuous development of city, the contradiction between the growing public service demand of city dwellers and the shortage supply of the city government's public service is becoming more and more outstanding. At the same time, big changes of people's lifestyle, daily behavior and activities will bring new changes to city public service facility demand. As the important part to ensure the city's normal operation, the rationality and validity of the public service facility's spatial layout are more and more inadaptable to people's actual demand. Therefore, in line with city development, it's very important to analyze the current status quo of public service facility and to find suitable mode for the city's public service facility spatial layout in order to stay level with demand of city dwellers' public services, to improve the city standard of service, to satisfy the city welfare maximization and to establish the harmonious society.In view of these aspects, this article injects GIS technology into the discussion, performs quantitative analysis of the impact of the layout of the facility location, and presents a new model - GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Optimal Location Model, which with a view to providing decision-making basis for the overall arrangement and location selection of the public service facility.This article adopts analysis - modeling - empirical - evaluation - extrapolation method, presents a model differs from the traditional model of the layout and location by establish a facility of a spatial database system, combines with the GIS software to visualize the data of the study region; with the supports of ArcGIS 9.2, this model is applied to the case study, and the results compared with the traditional model, will verify the feasibility of the model and this model is also suitable for the same question to the other city.Based on the analysis of the traditional layout and location selection model, this article puts forward GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of optimal location model, introduces the theory (public goods, location theory), method (spatial analysis, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, graph theory), arithmetic (include: calculation of judging if the point is within a polygon, finding the shortest path, single facility allocation) and steps in this modeling, it can supplies reference and advice for development other similar research.This paper chooses Changsha as the research area; take the layout and location of public toilets of Changsha as the research object. During the study, the paper has analyzed the location factor that influence the public toilets' space layout, puts forward to substituting the spatial layout of interest points for traditional calculation method of population distribution, so that the space distribution of the population is of practical feasibility; brings forward a method of domain decomposition which based on mesh generation, so that the question of multi-facilities location transforms to the question of single facility location which predigests the solving processes; utilizes diagrams to show and analysis the spatial layout so that the results are more intuitive to understand. Finally, the new model has been adopted by the public toilets of Changsha to optimize the spatial layout program, gives the comment and the suggestion to the present.The research conclusions of this article can in accordance with the other cities in China for researching the overall arrangement and location selection of the public service facility. At the same time, combines with GIS technology and spatial layout model plays significant role in spatial layout and location, and already has great potential.