The Finite Element Analysis And Optimization Of A Multi-function Electric Vehicle Frame

AS an important part of vehicle assembly, frame bears various complex loads including from the road and assembly, therefore, the structure design of the frame is crucial in automotive design. The performance analysis and topological optimization of frame structure with the finite element method, can enhance the vehicle static and dynamic performance, and can acquire the optimal distribution of material while improving the structure and properties of materials.Firstly this paper summarizes the domestic and international research status of finite element technique and trends of frame structure optimization technology. The author takes a multi-function electric vehicle as the research object, according to the structural characteristics of the frame, then simplifies the frame reasonably. By using HyperMesh and ANSYS software, the finite element model which based on a shell element is built. And we emphatically simulate the suspension structure.According to the actual carrying capacity of the frame, we select two typical operation situations of bending and torsion with full load, analyze the static performance, and discuss the stress distribution and deformation. The results show that the stress value is less than the intensity limit of the material, which can meet to the design requirements. Through analyzing the dynamic performance, we can conclude the natural frequency and corresponding vibration model, and can clearly grasp the dynamic performance of the frame structure, which provide a theoretical basis for optimization design and structure improvement.We select the sheet as the base structure, and take volume as the constraint function, stiffness as the objective function to carry out topology optimization under four different conditions, such as horizontal bending, front-wheel hanging torsion, rear-wheel hanging torsion and diagonal-wheels hanging torsion. According to the density distribution of the material, we determine the basic structure of the frame. This not only gives a good theoretical basis, but also provides a new idea and specific route for the optimization design of the frame structure.