Water Resources Protection Compensation Research In Chengde City

The general scarcity of water resources and regional distribution nonuniformity become the present stage of China's economic and social development constraints.Particularly in North of China,because of water scarcity,watershed upstream and downstream existence water used competition and the conflicts of interest,and face an increasingly acute contradiction between water supply and demand. Domestic and international practice shows that establishing a compensation mechensation is an effective measures to adjust the relationship between the upstream and downstream,and this mechensation could come up with the good situation of main body of water uesd jointly protect and orderly development of water resources, to achieve the water resources sustainable used in the watershed.Chengde locates Haihe River(North department)and the Luanhe River watershed, which is the main source of domestic water in Beijing and Tianjin.For the conservation and protection of surface water resources, Chengde have been paid a heavy price.Because of absence a coordination of upstream and downstream areas of water conservation compensation mechanism, the economic development of Chengde is limited severely.So that the area suffer the dual pressures of poverty and ecological, becomes the one of the regions that the link Beijing and Tianjin economic and social development and ecological environment contradictory prominent,facing the problem which development gap between Beijing and Tianjin to further expand. Chengde as watershed upstream to restore the ecological environment and the guarantee quality and quantity of water supply, has made the huge efforts in return farmland to forests,soil and water conservation, pollution control, water save and other ecological environment construction, has achieved remarkable results and has also made great sacrifices, Should obtain the downstream water used area compensation.First of all,in this article,based on reviewed the foreign River watershed ecological compensation cases and domestic compensation practice and exploration of water resources,take the water resources value theory,the water rights theory,the environmental economics theory and other related as the guide, according to the current water supply situation in Chengde City and the contribution for the Beijing and Tianjin in water resources protection aspects as well as the problems in the process of protection water resources,has analysis and evaluation of compensation status in Chengde city. Then, focus on the compensation standard of water conservation. Base on extensive investigations,comprehensive collection of relevant information in Chengde city, through research in Chengde, questionnaire survey, expert consultation and other methods,consider the water resources compensation should include the water resources construction and the protection direct and indirect costs,and it should include the actual loss compensation and the opportunity loss compensation. So,determine the water resources protection compensation areas in Chengde are water conservation compensation,right of use water resources compensation and development opportunity loss compensation. Then combined with environmental economics theory, for the in-depth study of water resources compensation, and apply the "Marginal Opportunity Cost" to establish water conservation compensation model.and according to the model,we can get the total compensation funds for water compensation to Chengde were 9596.6534 Million yuan in 1997-2006, average annual compensation funds were 1018.6596 Million yuan. At last, basis on a comprehensive collection of the relevant information in Chengde city, identify five factors: "Match afforestation, Plantation, Forest area, Converting paddy field to dry farming land, Shutting down businesses," as the weight distribution of compensation funds. Using geographic information system spatial analysis ability, visualization of the factors in"quantity base method".Chengde's counties locate the different position, and these counties make different impact to Chaobai River and Luan River watershed water quality and quantity.By using Analytic Hierarchy Process, the compensation funds has been allocated for according to the contribution in every counties: Fengning County, the greatest contribution to protect water resources,Should obtain the most compensation funds ,and next Xinglong County,Luanping County, Weichang County, Pingquan County, Longhua County, Chengde County and Kuancheng County.