| At present, the energy issue has become one of the most concern problems of the world, cutting down expenses become a common concern of study. Energy shortage as a bottleneck of constrain to rapid and steady development of China's national economy. Energy saving as the fifth-largest energy, it is following the coal, oil and natural gas, hydropower, nuclear energy. Road transport industry is the basis of the national economy and service industries. As it providing effective protection of development of our national economy as it become a resource occupancy type and energy consumption-oriented industry. In the field of road transport, automotive and other engineering vehicles are the large energy consumption. Road transport consumes a lot of petrol, diesel and other petrochemical resources in China's oil consumption and the proportion increases each year. Therefore, the study fuel consumption of road transport vehicles for energy-saving emission reduction will play a catalytic role.In this paper, Making a sample survey, statistics and analysis for the main part of typical passenger and freight vehicles in Heilongjiang Province; and make a contract of the passenger and freight business inside and outside of country, and determine the impact of transport economic efficiency of the fuel consumption of road transport vehicles; establishing passenger and cargo fuel consumption calculation model in Heilongjiang Province; determine the evaluation index of road transport vehicles, using fuzzy AHP method to build evaluation model, evaluate the fuel consumption of road transport vehicles in Heilongjiang Province. Come to the pros and cons of road transport vehicles of the evaluation index of fuel consumption in Heilongjiang Province; concludes with the impact of road transport vehicles a major factor in fuel consumption, and energy-saving work for some problems and put forward constructive energy saving recommendations and improvements.
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