| Current development, research evolution and the main problems of lead-acid batteries, and additives for lead-antimony and lead-calcium grid alloys were reviewed in the article. In the point of metallography and electrochemical principles, experimental alloys were designed and liquid-liquid structure transition or unidirectional solidification was applied, then the electrochemical performances of different alloys were studied systematically. Scanning electronic microscope was used to observe microstructure of different alloys. The effect of rare earth elements and liquid-liquid structure transition for electrochemical reaction process were studied by cyclic voltammetry then the property of corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid solution was researched by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the end, the Tafel curve was applied to study the hydrogen evolution property of low antimony alloys processed by liquid-liquid structure transition or unidirectional solidification. The results were as follows.1. Critical passivation current first increased then decreased and the oxidation reaction was more and more difficult along with increasing content of rare earth elements. The peak potential of PbSO4/Pb was moved toward positive and the current decreased which was favorable to further discharge circulation that overcame primary capacitance attenuation. For the inset of rare earth grain to crystal lattice of PbO/PbOn(1 |
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