Study On The Enhancement Technology Of Wheat Straw Returning Agent

Straw returning, as an important soil fertilizer and straw utilization technology, has been widely used. However, there are still many problems in field cultivation and the early growth of stubble crop. In order to accelerate the maturity rate or mitigate the negative effects of straw returning, inoculating straw composting bacteria in straw returning has became an important technology to reduce the negative effects of straw returning. Indoor simulation experiment was carried out to enhance the effect of composting inoculation. Wheat straw and an efficient cellulose degradation strains isolated were selected as the research material. Those experiments can provide theoretical basis for optimizing straw technology. The main results were as follows:To study the decomposition rates of different organs of wheat straw, decomposing experiment was carried out with a period of 27 d by adding Streptomyces rochei. In the process of decomposing, divided the straw into leaves, sheaths, cobs, stems and roots, physical and chemical indexes were measured such as the rate of dry matter, the activity of cellulose enzyme, the number of experimental fungus, and its correlation analysis. Results indicated that S.rochei became the dominant strains under the flooded environment. Overall, wheat straw decomposing speed of different parts were:leaves> sheaths>cobs> roots>stems. The decomposing rates of cobs, stems and roots were slower than others, and they were accounted for a relatively large proportion of the whole wheat straw. According to the conclusion, using the inoculum favorable wheat straw decomposition, inoculants should be inoculated into the stems and cobs site which can speed up the decomposing of straw, and also provide the scientific basis for resource utilization and determine a fixed position on the harvester for vaccination equipment.Preliminary results indicated that straw decomposition will produce phenolic acids and other allelochemicals in the process of straw returning. In order to research whether S.rochei stressed by allelochemicals acid, experiment analyzed two aspects, one was the growth and decline of allelopathic substances during the process of straw composting, the other part was the influences of different phenolic acids concentrations on composting bacteria. The results showed that:Under acid concentrations, S.rochei was stressed, low concentrations of phenolic acid can promote the growth and reproduction of S.rochei. Meanwhile, the S.rochei alleviated the accumulation of phenolic acids, S.rochei had a certain degree of degradation ability to P-hydroxy benzoic acid.The test simulation flooded field environment, by adding different processing such as surfactant and aquasorb, tried to explore the straw composting inoculated enhancement technology. The results showed that:Homemade wheat straw decomposition agent can significantly accelerate the decomposing of straw; Adding surfactant and aquasorb, to some extent can promote reproductive survival of S.rochei:From the effect of decomposing, adding surfactants effect was the best, at the same time, the effect of adding surfactant and aquasorb only after the former. In addition, at the early stage of the decomposing, adding aquasorb has a certain promoting effect, but the effect was not obvious in later.Through the above experiments, the study found that the decomposing rates of cobs and stems were slower than other organs, it can provide a theoretical reference for inoculation device fixed on the harvester. The results of straw composting inoculation effects showed that the addition of surfactant and aquasorb can promote straw decomposing, which also can provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the inoculation technology.