Application Of Straw Returning Of Early Rice In Guangxi And Its Effect On Soil Fertility And Yield Of Late Rice

In this study, the data of rapid decomposition of early rice straw to field in Guangxi and Wuming county were collected and analyzed, combining the questionnaire survey to Shuangqiao community of Shuangqiao town in Wuming county, the application status of rapid decomposition of early rice straw to field in Guangxi were summarized and analyzed, the main problems were found out, on this basis, some relevant suggestions and countermeasures were provided. The field comparison test of five kinds of straw decomposition agent was carried out, and the dynamic changes of rice soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium between different varieties of straw decomposition agent were analyzed, and the differences in growth and yield of late rice were also studied, to provide basis and reference for choosing suitable varieties of straw decomposition agent in Guangxi. The main results were shown as follows:1. The main problems of rapid decomposition to field of early rice straw in Guangxi are: the basic research of straw returning technology is not enough, the enthusiasm of farmers is not high, lack of knowledge on the straw returning, research on corresponding techniques is weak, the level of mechanization of straw returning is to be further improved.2. To accelerate the rapid decomposition of early rice straw to field in Guangxi, the awareness must be raised, the leadership must be strengthened and the organization must be put into effect. The farmers will have a full understanding of rapid decomposition of straw to field by strengthening propaganda, technical training and establishing demonstration model fields; we should promote mechanical straw returning, enhance the quality of decomposition agent product.3.The results of field test showed that rice straw using decomposition agent could compost5-6days in advance, the straw tension of each treatment decreased gradually, but there was no significant difference between the five kinds of decomposition agent. Straw returning could promote tillering, the treatments of straw returning+decomposition agent could promote tillering in advance, and could also improve the component factors of rice yield (effective panicle number per acre, effective panicle number, total grains, filled grains and seed rate), the tiller amount of Wuhan heyuan decomposition agent treatment was the largest.4. The total N, total P and total K contents of rice leaves of each treatment in booting stage were higher than those in mature stage. The total N content of rice leaves of Wuhan heyuan decomposition agent and Beijing amms decomposition agent treatments were the highest; the total P content of rice leaves of Wuhan sun rain decomposition agent treatment was the highest; and the total K content of rice leaves of Wuhan heyuan and Nanjing ningliang decomposition agent treatments were the highest.5. The content of rice soil organic matter of straw returning treatments was higher than the non-straw returning treatments, and the content in the straw returning+decomposition agent treatments was higher than that in the non-decomposition agent treatments, the soil organic matter contents of three kinds of Wuhan heyuan、Wuhan sun rain and Beijing amms decomposition agent treatments were higher. The soil alkaline hydrolysis N and available potassium contents were first decreased and then increased, the soil alkaline hydrolysis N content of Wuhan heyuan and Wuhan sun rain decomposition agent treatments were higher, the available potassium content of Wuhan heyuan and Beijing amms decomposition agent treatments were higher. The soil available phosphorus content of each treatment in tillering stage was higher than mature stage, the soil available phosphorus content of Wuhan heyuan、 Wuhan sun rain and Beijing amms decomposition agent treatments were higher.6. Compared to the control treatment, there was an increase in rice yield with all treatments of decomposition agent, up to0.94-18.94Kg per acre, the growth rate was0.24%-4.76%, and the yield of Wuhan heyuan treatment was the highest, up to416Kg per acre.