| Aimed at the problems in Bashang region, such as, the desertification of grassland and farmland, the degradation of cropping and animal husbandry, the deficiency of grains, the poor economy and etc, this paper analyzed the structure and function of the cropping and animal husbandry production system, the ecological and economic adaptation of crops and livestock based on investigation results and statistic date, and proposed the development strategy of cropping and animal husbandry characterized as eco-economic type by making simulation model. In crop production of Bashang plateau, the proportion of grain and oil crops were 93.3%, economic crops only 6.7%, and the developing direction of crop production structure were increasing economic crops and decreasing grain and oil crops. In animal husbandry production, horses, donkeys and mules took up 3 8.4% of big livestock, which was 1.32 times that of the Hebei and 2.4 times of the nation, and big livestock structure should be adjusted. Cattle and sheep were the main livestock but cow, goat and pig were increasing much fast. In the region, food security was still serious and it could be softened through grains trade between Bashang plateau and Huabei region. After subtracting seeds cost and female livestock cost, the output value of cropping just reduced 15.9%, but the output value of animal husbandry reduced 60.9%, the output value of animal husbandry only took up 25.6% of gross output value of cropping and animal husbandry. The present statistic way of output value of animal husbandry which included the value of basic female livestock couldn reflect the producing situation of animal husbandry correctly. In Bashang region, the animal husbandry wasn the dominant industry, and the economic development was due to the growing of vegetables, sugarbeet and potato. In Bashang, vegetables, sugarbeet and potato had good ecological adaptation, high trade rate and profit, and were predominant crops. Naked oats and flax had potential advantage for trade, but they were mainly used to meet the demand for grains and edible oil of Bashang region at present because of low yield and profit. Spring wheat hadn any advantages in yield, profit and for trade, and is an inferior crop in regional crop production. The ratio of biomass yield of cereals, artificial grassland and forest was 27.8:12.0:1(in sloping field) and 10.3:5.1:1 (in beach land), which showed that returning farmland to grassland was better than planting trees. However, the process of returning farmland to grassland couldn happen in short period. The analysis of ecological and economic adaptation of main livestock showed that, cashmere goat was the best livestock in Bashang region because it had the best ecological adaptation and highest profit, and its efficiency was 0.42 yuan /kg (hay). The potential profit of Han-yang was also very high, up to 0.38 yuan/kg (hay), but its ecological adaptation was still poor. Fur sheep and cattle have good ecological adaptation also but their profits were very low. The analysis of competing among livestock showed that cashmere goat would substitute cattle and fur sheep in the future. The analysis of integral production of forage and livestock showed that the hay yields of artificial grasslands in sloping field which mainly were leguminous forages were 1.49.38 times of the yield of nature grassland, and mowing naked oats was 3.01 times of the nature grassland. The proportion of high quality forages in artificial grassland decreased gradually with the time past, and the artificial grassland could utilize 7-.l0 years. The o... |
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