The Fermentation Of Stalks And Chicken Manure And Study On The Effects Of Soil Less Culture Of Cucumber And Tomato

The effect on the composting of different combination of wheat stalks and maize stalks and chicken manure was studied in this experiment. Among the three treatments, the composting effect of wheat stalks and chicken manure (1:2) was the best, followed by wheat stalks and chicken manure (1: 1.5) and (1: 0.5) respectively. After three months, C/N was lowered to 18.23, 31.46 and 49.5 respectively. Among the three treatments of maize stalks and chicken manure, the composting effect of maize stalks and chicken manure (1: 1.5) was the best, followed by wheat stalks and chicken manure (1:1) and (1:0.5), C/N of which were 35.23, 40.16, 42.67 respectively. The composting should be conducted in sunny summer morning. The wheat stalks should be broken to 5-1 Ocm and maize stalks less than 5 cm.The cultivation effect on the culture of tomato and cucumber grown in four treatments was studied, which were wheat stalks and chicken manure 1:1.5, maize stalks and chicken manure 1:1.5, BaiZong organic fertilizer , peat and vermiculite 3:1(CK) respectively. The two kinds of composted substrate were abundant in maximum elements, minimum elements, organic matters and humus, which improved the root-zone temperature of substrate, the root activity of vegetables, the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh stem weight fresh leaf weight, fresh shoots weight, fresh roots weight, dry stem weight, dry leaf stem weight, dry shoots weight, dry roots weight and the content of chloroplast a, chloroplast b and carotene also increased. The growth of tomato and cucumber in nutrition stage planted in maize stalks and chicken manure was the best. The content of nitrogen reduction in the leaves of tomato and cucumber planted in Baizong organic fertilizer was the highest followed by the wheat stalks and chicken manure, maize stalks and chicken manure, and control. The photosynthetic rate of tomato and cucumber grown in two composted substrates was higher than that of control in nutrition and reproductive stage.The contents of nitrogen in stem and leaves of tomato and cucumber grown in two composted substrates decreased before the use of nutrition solution, then decreased again in fruiting stage, which indicated the need of more nitrogen fertilizer. The change of53potassium in stem was similar with that of nitrogen, however the content of potassium in leaf kept increasing. The content of phosphorus in leaf and stem of tomato and cucumber increased after transplanting. The content of magnesium and calcium in stem of tomato increased, while it decreased slowly in leaf. The content of magnesium in stem and leaf of cucumber decreased after transplanting, while the content of calcium increased.The changes of soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the two-composted substrates were similar with one another in which tomato and cucumber were grown. The content of soluble nitrogen decreased before the use of nutrition solution, then increased in short time and then decreased again. The content of phosphorus in two composted substrates increased in the process of cultivation of cucumber and tomato, for the two substrates released nutrient all along while decomposing. The content of soluble potassium decreased all the time. The content of soluble nitrogen and potassium in control of tomato increased slowly, while that of cucumber changed little.The date of the flowering of the first tomato fluster was improved for two days, and that of first cropping for two to four days. The rate of fruiting, the average weight of fruit and the yield per plant was also improved. The yield of tomato per plant grown in Baizong organic fertilizer, wheat stalks and chicken manure, maize stalks and chicken manure increased 15%, 13.62% and 21.5% higher than that of control respectively.The date of the flowering of female cucumber flower was improved for one to five days, and that of first cropping for four days. The rate of fruiting, the average weight of fruit and the yield per plant was also improved. The position of the first female f...