Variation Analysis Of Domestic Geese In China Mitochondrial DNA Control Region Ⅲ

Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to study the diversity, phylogeny, the patterns of molecular evolutin, population structure and colonisation of domestic geese in China.The mitochondrial DNA control region III were sequenced from 61 domestic geese representing 2 species, Anser cygnoides (7 breeds in China) and Anser anser (2 breeds in Europe and Yili breed in China). In these geese the control region III was approximately 423bp in length.Analyzing these data together with the same sequences part available in GenBank by several kinds of software, some conclusions can be reached as follow:1. Reconstructing correctly the phylogenetic tree was one of the good methods to identify nuclear mitochondrial-like sequences (Numts).2. The nucleotide diversity varied among domestic geese breeds. All of the domestic geese have 6 haplotypes,no shared haplotype between Anser anser and Anser cygnoides.3. Shantou in Guangdong province in which was the modern breeding range of Shitou breed was one of the domestic centers about Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides) populations.Shitou breeds had greatly migrated to other places on its early history.4. Sichuan white breed and Yan breed in Anhui province play a very important role in the domestic process of Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides).5. Neither the western subspecies Anser anser anser nor the eastern Anser anser rubrirostris was the ancestor of domestic goose (Anser cygnoides) in China.6. Support the hypothesis of dual origin of domestic goose.Domestic goose in China was descent from Anser cygnoides except for the Yili breed that derived from Anser anser.7. The main forces in molecular evolutin of the history of domestication came from gene flow interacting with mutation and random genetic drift.