Study On The Molecular Evolution And Phylogeny Of Partial Mitochondrial D-loop Sequence Polymorphic In Domestic Geese

Abstract:The technology of mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis gives us a better understanding of human and domestic animals'evolution and phylogeny. The D-loop of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the largest regional variations. For its fast evolution, it can be generally used in the system researches in or between species. In order to clarify the origin and genetic diversity of domestic geese in China at the molecular level, we analyzed partial mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in 143 individuals from eight domestic goose breeds and one wild goose breed. We provide scientific materials for the protection and utilization of Chinese domestic goose breeds resource.The alignment was carried out by clustalX. Phylogenetic analysis, haplotypes and nucleotide diversity were accomplished by Dnasp4.10. MEGA4.1 was used for constructing NJ tree and UPGMA tree. NETWORK was used for phylogenetic network constructions.The partial sequence of mtDNA D-loop of eight Chinese domestic geese and one wild goose was 490 base pair(bp), and T,C,A,G content were 27.2%,30.7% 22.9%,19.2% respectively. According to the GenBank reference sequence, there were 17 polymorphic sites in 143 sequence. All of the polymorphic sites were locations of transitions, including six singleton polymorphic sites, ten parsimony informative polymorphic sites and one three base polymorphic sites.6 haplotypes were discovered in 143 sequences. The proportion was 4.20%. In these haplotypes, we found a rare haplotype (H6) in the sequences of Roman geese. The highest haplotype proportion was 66.67% in swan goose breed and the lowest was 4.76% in YangJiang breed (HZ).13 sequences were downloaded from GenBank including three domestic geese breed out of the study and some breeds in Anser. The result showed that there were two maternal origins in domestic geese breeds. Breed ZheDong White goose(ZD), YangJiang goose(HZ), MaGang goose(MG), ZaJiao goose(ZJ) and SiChuan White goose(CB) were descent from Anser cygnoides, breed Roman goose and Landoise were descent from anser anser. Breed SiTou goose may have the ancestor of both Anser cygnoides and Anser anser.