| The germplasm of Paeonia sect. Moutan was endemic to China.China is not only the distribution center of wild species of Sect. Moutan, but also has cultivated numerous cultivars of P. suffruticosa. The phylogenetic research work of Sect. Moutan was mainly concentrated in the taxonomy of species of Sect. Moutan and morphologic classification of cultivars by morphologic observation, sporo-pollen analysis, cytologic and molecular biologic technique. But few focused on the phylogenetic relationship and diversity about interspecies of Sect. Moutan and introspecies of P. suffruticosa expecialy with molecular phylogenetic techinology. This paper reported the relative resarch work. The major contents were as follows:11 wild groups and 12 cultivars were collected to study the phylogenetic relationship between Chinese wild species and cultivars of Paeonia sect. Moutan with RAPD markers.18 primers selected from 210 decamer primers with clear and reproducible patterns generated 153 polymorphic (80.1%) among a total of 191 that revealed abundant genetic diversity among sect. Moutan. The number of RAPD bands was recorded for every accession and 25 special makers could promote classification and identification work of sect. Moutan. The cluster analysis based on RAPD results was performed by UPGMA. The 23 OTU were divided into 3 groups. 5 wild species (P. rockii, P. jishanensis, P. ostii, P. decomposita, P. qiui) and 11 cultivars got into one group that indicated that the phylogenetic relationship between 5 wild species and cultivars was close. The genetic distance between every wild species and cultivars were also calculated. The sequence based on genetic distance (0.48～0.57) from small to big was as follows: P. ostii> P. decomposita> P. qiui> P. rockii> P. jishanensis. P. decomposita and P. qiui considered have no relation1. with the shape of Zhongyuan cultivars traditionally were revealed to have abroad gene exchange with Zhouyuan cultivars by amplified special bands obtained in this RAPD analysis. The feasibility of united primer used in RAPD was also discussed. 2. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic relationship of 40 Paeonia cultivars of 8 different flower form derived from Shandong province. The polymorphic rate of 13 single primers and 14 united primers was 71.5% and was lower than that of both interspecies and different sources. The sequence based on polymorphic rate from high to low was as followes: Hundered proliferate-flower form >Crown form>Crown proliferate-flower form>Rose form > Lotus form>Anemone form > Chrydanthemum form>Single form. With the increase of manyplies, RAPD bands also manifolded. The morphologic research agreed that with the increase of manyplies, the flower form developed from highclass to lowclass. So the increase of RAPD bands was the evolutive phenomena based on DNA levels. The polymorphic amplified fragments produced by 27 primers were stated by the UPGMA method to analyze the introspecies genetic relationship. The results showed that 40 Paeonia cultivars were divided into 2 cluster groups at the genetic distance of 0.58. 10 cultivars of Proliferate-flower type distributed in 2 cluster groups on everage, 27 of 30 Singe-flower type cultivars clustered into one group and 7 cultivars into the other one. 2 culster groups were not relative to the polymorphic classification, but the trend that cultivars of Sing-flower type showed closer relationship was embodied on the whole. 40 cultivars were divided into 7 cluster groups by genetic distance of 0.4. From the distribution of 8 flower form in 7 cluster groups, the relationship among 5 cultivars of Sing form was the most proximate. Single form was the best type to embody the genetic relationship from morphologic character, and the two better forms were high manypiles rate types: Huander proliferate-flower form and Crown form. Random amplified polymorphic DNA was used to analyze the genetic polymophism of 35 cultivars of Paeonia suffruticosa with 7 different colour groups. 34 primers am...
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