| Rosa rugosa Thunb is one of the most important ornamental plants, belonging to the Rosa family. Most of species are native to the north of China, and are cultivated in many regions of China. The history of cultivation is very long and there are abundant resources in Pingyin China, which is named "the representation of traditional rose in China"by many specialists. The rose source in this area is comprehensive. The cultivars were gone through the perennial natural selection, and were various in styles. Frequent hybridization between species made their resource quality complicated. It is already very difficult to satisfy the identification of roses and the seeding of new cultivars with the morphological method. At present, few studies focused on the research about phylogenetic relationship and diversity of interspecies of Rosa rugosa and introspecies of Rosa rugosa with molecular phylogenetic techinology. This experiment is to utilize RAPD technology to probe into and cultivate the Phylogenetic relationship in the variety of rose, and to understand the mutant size of heredity in rose kind. This paper reported the relative resarch work. The major contents were as follows: 1. A procedure of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for Rosa rugosa was established and 45 cultivars of Rosa rugosa were analyzed. 21 primers were selected from 155 arbitrary 10-mer primers, and a total of 223 DNA bands were amplified, 197 of which (88.3%) were polymorphic. The UPGMA cluster analysis suggested that the 45 cultivars could be classified into three groups: groupâ… including traditional Rosa rugosa cultivars grown in Pingyin county of Shandong, group â…¡standing for Rosa xanthina, and group â…¢containing some Rosa rugosa cultivars from different provinces. This result was relatively consistent with the classification from morphological analysis. The present study thus provides an efficient method and useful data for cultivar identification, genetic diversity analysis and molecular marker assisted breeding of Rosa rugosa. 2. RAPD assessment on genetic variations of Russia perfume rose varieties were carried out. 19 primers were screened from sixty 10 bp arbitrary primers, and a total of 183 DNA bands were amplified, among which 98 (53.2%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band amplified by each primer was 9.06, Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, a DNA molecular dendrogram was established for 13 varieties, which divided them into two groups : group A and B . Group A included six varieties, group B seven. Russia perfume No. 4 belonged to group B. And group A an Russia perfume rose d B could be divided into two subgroups. The molecular foundation of genetic diversity of Russia perfume rose was explored. 3. Comparing two research results, the genetic diversity in the same cultivated group (53.2%) was lower than that of interspecies (88.3%). The results indicated traditional breeding and longterm clone propagation...
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