Studies On The Restoration And Rehabilitation Theories And Technology Of The Degraded Forest Ecosystems In The Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The degradation of forest ecosystems reduced their huge ecosystem service, and became one of major reasons of increasingly serious eco-environmental problem. Restoring and rehabilitating degraded forest ecosystems is considered one of the fundamental measures to alleviate the eco-environmental crisis and to realize harmonious and sustainable development of economy, society and environment. To restore and rehabilitate the degraded forest ecosystems, we must understand the theories concerned, also we have to study and apply the related technology. Taking Qianjiang district as an example, the author studied the restoration and rehabilitation of the degraded forest ecosystems from the basic theories and rehabilitating technology (especially vegetation rehabilitation technology).In the preface, the general nature situation and social economical situation of Qianjiang district were briefly introduced. The mild climate, abundant rainfall and various plant species were advantages of restoring and rehabilitating the degraded forest ecosystems, but the barren soil, serious soil erosion and backward economy increased the difficulty of restoration and rehabilitation. Then, the status quo of degraded forest ecosystems in Qianjiang district were analysed. In addition, the background and significance of this research were summarized.In chapter 2, the theories of degradation and restoration and rehabilitation of forest ecosystems were discussed. (1) The degrading process of forest ecosystems and characteristics of degrading forest ecosystems were analysed. (2)The object of restoring and rehabilitating degraded forest ecosystem, that is to rehabilitate a new type of forest ecosystem which must give consideration to both ecological benefits and economic benefits, were expounded. (3)The common work procedure of rehabilitating degraded forest ecosystems was briefly introduced. (4)The theories and principles concerning ecology, ecological economics, system and sustainable development of rehabilitatingdegraded forest ecosystems which we should obey were discussed emphatically.In chapter 3, related to Qianjiang district, the basic theories and technology of forest and grass cultivation of degraded forest ecosystems were researched. (l)Selecting the kinds of trees and grasses according to the principles of "directive breeding" and "matching species to the sites". (2) Design theories and technology of forest and grass structure were studied, especially the theories and technology of mixed forest and mixed grasses were stressed. (3)Site preparation technology and measures of afforestation, as well as the tending and management technology of man-made young woods were briefly discussed. (4)The closing ways and breeding technology for closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation were introduced.In chapter 4, the restoration and rehabilitation technology of multiple functional forest system were studied. Firstly, it was expounded that we should restore and rehabilitate watershed protection forest in source of rivers, in catchment areas of small watersheds and around reservoirs, which includes protecting the present natural forests and planting watershed protection forests in the non-forest land. The main afforestation models comprises "Cupressus funebris + Alnus cremastogyne (or Robinia pseudoacacia}" , "Pinus massoniana + Camellia oleifera (or Robinia pseudoacacia)" , "Populus + Robinia pseudoacacia " , etc. Secondly, the rehabilitation technology of forest system for soil and water conservation on slope land, which includes industrial raw material forest, economic forest, fuel forest, agroforestry and returning farming land to pasture, was stressed. Then the industrialization approaches of forestry and animal husbandry were briefly introduced.In chapter 5, taking the construction of eco-environmental comprehensive harness of the year 2000 in Qianjiang district as an example, the author introduced the integrated control technology and demonstration for small watersheds by taking the rehabilitation of degraded forest ec...