| In this experimentation, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique and chromosome karyotype analysis were used to analyze the genetic relationship of eleven cultivars and three wild stirps of Hibiscus cannabinus L.. As to cytological markers, comparing karyotypes and finding heredity differences of them by establishing fourteen idiograms. The extraction methodology of genomic DNA of Hibiscus cannabinus L. was explored and the influential parameters were optimized. On the basis of them, RAPD was used to investigate the genetic polymorphisms among fourteen breeds. And the relations of them was to be researched, RAPD characteristic markers were to be found. RAPD molecular markers being main part assisting cytological markers, the analysis of heredity differences and breeds distinction were carried out. Results were as follows:1 .In studies of cytological markers, cells of chromosomes scattered, flatted, more split phases were obtained using modified F-BSG method. The results of study for karyotype showed that fourteen breeds had similar karyotypes, but they also had some differences among them. According to those we could identify them. Therefore this cytological research can be cytological markers used to analyze the relations and the breeds distinction of various genotypes of Hibiscus cannabinus L.2.To save time and reduce workload, a economical, rapid, simple, and applicable for RAPD analysis extraction methodology of seeds genomic DNA of Hibiscus cannabinus L. was explored. Aimed at much protein, grease, sugar and oxidized polyphenolic components in seeds of Hibiscus cannabinus L, it is a best way of adding suitable 3 -EM to lysis. Furthermore, high concentration and good quality seeds genomic DNA of Hibiscus cannabinus L. were obtainde using CIAA instead of propanone. The genomic DNA samples, prepared from seeds of Hibiscus cannabinus L. with aforementioned modified method were to be used as templates for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and very suitable for RAPD analysis.3.Steady reaction system is the key point to RAPD analysis. The influentialfactors such as templates DNA, dNTPs, MgCb, primers, Taq polymerase and so on were studied and experimental parameters were optimized. They were as follows: 25 H 1 reaction system containing 1 X buffer, 2.0mmol/LMgCl2, 200 V- mol/L dNTPs, 0.6 V mol/L primers, 30ng template, 0.75U Taq polymerase. The optimal amplification program was as follows: 5min at 94 , followed by 94 for 30sec, 38 for 45sec, 72 for IminSOsec, 40 cycles and final extension time of 72 for 7min.This optimized experiment conditions could obtain reproducible results and provide good references to molecular biology.4.The genetic polymorphism of Hibiscus cannabinus Z.was investigated using random amplified polymorphism DNA marker, the detected materials included eleven cultivars and three wild stirps. Ninety-nine primers selected from one hundred and fifty primers amplified 766 RAPD fragments and 347 bands of them showed polymorphism, which occupied 45.3%. The length of most amplified fragments ranged from 0.2 to 1.5kb. The dendrogram was constructed by using SAS software and Average Linkage Cluster Analysis method based on their genetic differences calculated from RAPD data. It was concluded that fourteen breeds which have been tested in the research could be classified into seven groups. The map relatively accorded with morphological analysis and known relationships. It also showed that the genetic difference between Menghaizijing and Yuanjianghongma were comparatively farther, although they all originated from Yunnai. The genetic difference between NA 414 and Hongyinl35 were relatively closer, in spite of NA 414 is wild stirp. These fragments were efficiently used in the analysis of the relationship of the fourteen breeds.5.RAPD analysis can examine lots of variations. There were fourteen RAPD characteristic markers, which were detected as a group of DNA fingerprints to identify all the fourteen cultivars. Specific markers were found in five cultivars, that is MX 247, UG...
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