Studies On The Induction And Physiological Changes During Morphogenesis Of Somatic Embryo In Strawberry

Various organs and three cultivars of strawberry as material were used to induce somatic embryo(SE), to study the factors (genotypes, explants, hormones, lights, etc.), the SE morphogenesis and related changes of endogenous hormone and soluble protein. That would lay a foundation for SE of strawberry. The results were following:1 - SE morphogenesis of strawberry was similar to zygotic embryo. They passed through the same process that included globular embryo, heart embryo, torpedo embryo and cotyledonous embryo stage, until regeneratived plantlets. Many organs or tissues of strawberry such as anthers, flower buds, leaves, leaf stalks, cotyledons and hypocotyls could form somatic embryos. But the induction rates of SE from various organs or tissues were different, the first is flower bud (average at 61.74%) ,next is cotyledon (average at 49.24%).The induction rate of SE varied with genotypes and Fengxiang was the best among of three cultivars.2, Kinds and concentration of plant growth substances in mediums affected induction of SE remarkable. The best induced medium of various organs was MS+BA2.00 mg·L-1+IAAl .00 mg· L-1. The best one was MS+BA2.00mg· L-1+2,4-D0.40 mg· L-1 for inducing callus of Fengxiang and MS+BA0.50mg· L-1+KT0.50mg·L-1 for differentiation, and callus differentiation frequency was 21.47%. Auxin was not necessary for inducing callus. When BA with a suitable concentration existed in medium, callus induction frequency of three cultivars was 28.63% in average without auxin. BA+IAA were better than the others (NAA, IB A and 2,4-D) for SE inducting of various explant.3, The content of IAA, ZR, GAaand ABA could improve in low temperature, andpromote it's start up. Plants hormone IAA, ZR, GA3 and soluble protein took on falling-rising-falling while the callus went through the period of the starting-induction-fastigium-wane, except that ABA fell along. The contents of IAA and GAs were higher in EC than in NEC. Four kinds of endogenous hormone were fell in differentiation initial stages. The content of ABA, ZR and GAs increased during SE differentiation ; the content of ABA and ZR came to pinnacle when SE produced in the gross. The content of IAA continued falling in differentiation stages.This study showed that high level ZR and ZR/IAA advanced the callus vegetating; the differentiation of EC was relative to high level of IAA and GAs; ZR and ABA played an important role in inducing SE of strawberry anther callus.4. Strawberry anther culture were adapt to the general condition in 11 light and 13 dark. It could be increased induction frequency in little time in dark, on the contrary it was disbenefit in the long time.