| The genetic diversity of 8 layer populations were analyzed by using RAPD technic. Their relationships and genetic distance of intra-populations were studied and some characteristic molecule markers of 8 layer populations were found .The results showed that:1. The study of the characteristic molecular marker on the 8 different layer populations(1) On the basis of perfecting the PCR reaction conditions,more advanced RAPD technology was established. It showed that RAPD marker technic was suitable for the genetic analysis on layers. 30 primers of the 50 random primers amplified no any products, 12 primers of them amplified products to be monomorphic and 8 of 50 primers amplified products to be polymorphic. The numbers of amplified bands of each of 8 were between 2 and 10 with a mean 5.3.(2)The PCR amplified products on the 8 different layer populations by using the 8 polymorphic primers showed mat on OPV15 primer amplified 10 polymorphic bands, band A could be used as the molecular marker to differentiate HK and BK populations.on OPB08 primer amplified 12 polymorphic bands, band E and F could be seen as the characteristic bands of HA-1 and HA-2. on OPH05 primer amplified 12 polymorphic bands, band I could be used to differentiate BK and LK populations, on OPH20 primer amplified 11 polymorphic bands,band C could be as the characteristic band of differentiating LK and BK populations,but could not tell BK from FK populations, on OPH19 primer amplified 14 polymorphic bands ,while band C as the characteristic band of HC-1 and HC-2. on OPH13 amplified primer 10 polymorphic bands ,band H as the characteristic band of HC-1 and HC-2. 2. The analysis of genetic diversity in the 8 different layer populations(1)The intra-population band similarity rate of HA-2 was largest (0.897),while HK was smallest (0.824),these indicated that HA-2 had lower intra-breed genetic pure level and HK had higher.(2)Gene frequency of HA-1 population was largest(0.7019),BK was smallest(0.4844); The intra-population heterozygosity can stand for the intra-population genetic diversity and genetic variation grope.In this study ,the heterozygosity of HK population was the largest(0.5889), showed that HK had higher genetic diversity and genetic variation grope,While the heterozygosity of BK was the smallest(0.3766),it showed that BK had lower genetic diversity and higher intra-population similarity.(3)The index of genetic diversity of HK population was the largest(1.1598),among the 8 layer populations,and it showed that the population had higher genetic diversity than any other populations. So, HK could be seen as the material of the layers genetic improvementHowever, BK had the lowest genetic diversity(0.6097), perhaps, it was caused by applying the breeding methods of positive assortative mating and inbreeding mating.(4) 7 polygenetic methods of Nearest Neighbor were analyzed by SPSS : Euclidean distance,Squared Euclidean Distance,Cosine of Vectors of Values,Pearson Correlation Between Vectors of Values,Chebychev Distance,City Block distance and Minkowski distance were used to analyze the genetic relationship between the 8 populations in this study.The results showed that Euclidean distance,Squared Euclidean Distance,Cosine of Vectors of Values and Pearson Correlation Between Vectors of Values were same , and they were in accordance with the facts and their geographical distribution.but Chebychev distance,City Block distanceand Minkowski distance were not in accordance with the facts and their geographical distribution.There were variations of each polygenetic methods, was determined by the character of different methods, and perhaps,it was caused by the genetic marker and the loci.(5)The relationship between FK and LK was the nearest in the 8 layer populations from the analysis results and it was in accordance with the actual orgin. These between HC-2 and HA-2 ,and between HC-1 and HA-1 were the nearest.This was in accordance with the fact. However, HC and HA populations were the different line of HK population,so they ha...
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