Inheritance Of Main Quality Traits Of Wheat Hybrids

The performance and genetic expression of main quality traits of wheat hybrids were investigated by p2 diallel design. The results showed as follows:(1) The grain weight and hardness of wheat hybrids showed a tendency to parents with middle or super-high phenotypic value, and that gross protein content, dry and wet gluten content showed a tendency to parents with super-low phenotypic value. However, starch content, SDS sedimentary value and seven RVA characteristic parameters of hybrids were between both parents in general. Thus, high quality and special-used wheat hybrids may be created from the cross which two parents should have high quality.(2) Most quality traits of wheat hybrids showed largest correlation with mid-parental value but for gain hardness and gross protein content, and that the correlation with female parent was higher than that with male parent but for gross protein content, starch content, SDS sedimentary value. For starch content, SDS sedimentary value, dry and wet gluten content, the correlation coefficient with low-value parent was larger than that with high-value parent. However, different performance was also found in grain hardness and seven RVA characteristic parameters.(3) Significance or very significance was found in F5 test statistic for grain weight, gross protein content, SDS sedimentary value and all RVA characteristic parameters but FTP. The result indicates that the variation among grains within hybrids is larger than that among grains within parents. Thus, significant segregation exists in hybrids2003population for these quality traits. Therefore, we can conclude from the result that these traits are controlled mainly by the endosperm genotype.(4) No significance was found in F5 test statistic for grain hardness, starch content, dry and wet gluten content, and pasting temperature. The result indicates that the variation among grains within hybrids is equivalent to that within parents. Thus, no significant segregation exists in hybrids population for these quality traits. Therefore, we can conclude from the result that these traits are controlled generally by the maternal plant genotype.(5) Significance or very significance was found in reciprocal testing for most quality traits. This shows that the cytoplasmic effects are generally existed. This implicates that parent selection and parent configuration are very important for the high quality wheat breeding.(6) Except that grain weight and gluten content are affected highly by environment, other traits all have very high heritability. In addition, additive variation is major source of variation, and that dominant variation is relative low for each quality trait.