Effect Of Water Treatment On The Kernal Protein Quality And Yield Of Winter Wheat With Specialized End-uses

In order to understand the effect of water treatment on the kernal protein quality and yield of winter wheat with specialized end-uses pot experiments were carried out at Henan Agricultural University and Demonstration Plot of Scientific Research and Teaching during 2001-2003. The results were showed as follows:Firstly, nitrate reductase(NR) activities in flag leaf declined after anthesis, and that of 60%FC >40% FC >80%FC . Glutamine synthetase (GS) activities in both flag leaf and grain all declined from the beginning of anthesis to 15 days after anthesis, and then climbed. The order among three water treatments was 80%FC > 60%FC > 40%FC.The order of Glutamate synthase(GOGAT ) is the same as GS. Grain protein content was positive correlation to NR and GS activity in flag leaves and GOGAT activity in grains, and was negative correlation to GOGAT activity in flag leave for all water treatment. For Yumai34, under the treatment of 40%FC and 80%FC, there was a significance correlation between grain protein content and GS activity in flag leave, Under the treatment of 60%FC, the correlation ship between grain protein content and NR activity in flag leave and GS activity in grain were significant, and was closely significant to GS activity in flag leave. For Yumai49, under the treatment of 40%FC, there was a significance correlation between grain protein content and NR activity in flag leave, under the treatment of 60%FC and 80%FC, the correlationship between grain protein content and GOGAT activity in flag leave. For Yumai50, there was a significance correlation between grain protein content and NR activity in flag leave, and under the treatment of 40%FC, the correlationship between grain protein content and GS activity in grain, and there was a significance correlation51between grain protein content and GOGAT activity in flag leave under the treatment of 60%FC.Secondly, with the time went on , Nitrogen content of wheat leaf sheath and stem decreased gradually after anthesis, while Nitrogen content in root decreased first, then increased.80%FC improved the nitrogen content of leaf sheath. Nitrogen content in stem of yumai34 changed not too much, and for Yumai49,60%field capacity improved the nitrogen content of stem, and for YumaiSO, the nitrogen content of stem was highest with 40%field capacity. Nitrogen translocation of vegetative parts were different in three wheat cultivars, and the order was Yumai50> Yumai49Yumai34, Nitrogen translocation in vegetative parts of different cultivars were different in different water treatment and the order was 80%FC(field capacity)>60%FO40%FC. In the whole, Nitrogen translocation of different cultivars was 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC,and Nitrogen translocation in stem of different cultivars with water treatment was different in three cultivars, for Yumai34,the Nitrogen translocation was 40%FO60%FO80%FC, and for Yumai49,was 60%FC>40%FO80%FC, and Yumai50 was 60%FO80%FC>40%FC. Grain protein content came from redistribution of N accumulated in vegetative organs, and the order of the contribution of water treatment ,which is important to nitrogen content in different vegetative organs and grain, was 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC.The order of both the transfer and contribution of different vegetative organs was leaf sheath>stem the translocation of different vegetative organs was stem>leaf sheath.Thirdly, as to Yumai 34, the value of chlorophyll meter(SPAD), PSII activity (Fv/Fo) and maximal PSII light energy transformation efficiency (Fv/Fm) were the highest when soil moisture was at 60% field capacity(60%FC), however the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN),the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR) ,and the ratio of photochemical quantum yield of PSII (O2) were all increased at 80%FC; To the high yield cultivar Yumai 49,the values of SPAD ,qP ,qN and ETR were higher at 80%FC than the other water trentment, while FC took little effect on52Fv/Fo ,Fv/Fm and O2; To Yumai 50,the values of photosynthetic characteristics were the h...