Effect Of Water Control On Glutamine Synthetase(GS) Isozymes Of Different Organ And Quality Of Winter Wheat With Specia Lized End-uses

In order to understand the effect of water treatment on GS isoenzyme activity and quality and yield of winter wheat specialized end-uses pot experiments of indoor and field were carried during 2006-2008.The results were showed as follows:Through the indoor pot experiment,we study effect of water control on GS isoenzymes of Paragraph 1 leaves and root at the first developed leaf stage, the secend developed leaf stage, the third developed leaf stage, and the fourth developed leaf stage. The result indicated: GS activity of the first leaves in different varieties and different periods of time showed: 40% FC> 60% FC> 80% FC, in between the different species as follows: Yumai50> Yumai 34> Yumai 49. The GS isoenzymes has GS1 and GS2 previous reports,and we also found a new GS isoenzyme, tentatively named GSx.GS1 of different species have little difference at different times and different water treatments, but with the advance of growth stages,activity gradually decreased. GSx activity mainly performance in leaf clover one period to one period, the activity disappeared on four-leaf one period; GS2 activity the largest in one period of leaf and by water, variety, a greater impact during the period.The activity Yumai 34 and Yumai 49 among three water treatments and different stage showed: 40%FC > 60%FC >80%FC. The activity at the first and secend developed leaf stage showed: 40% FC> 60% FC> 80% FC, the third and fourth developed leaf stage showed: 60% FC>40% FC>80% FC. Each isoenzyme have different display in the different genotypes, GS1 activity in one leaf period to the maximum Yumai 50, GS2 activity of Yumai 34 in the highest; Isozymes showed highest activity in Yumai 50 treatment in two leaves and fourth leaves;Isozymes showed highest activity in Yumai 34 treatment in the third developed leaf stage. It have only GS1 isoenzyme in the roots,its activity gradually increased the first developed leaf stage to the fourth developed leaf stage.For Yumai 34, During the first developed leaf stage,GS1 activity in root showed:40%FC>60%FC>80%FC,and 60%FC>40%FC>80%FCsince then;For Yumai 49, have the same showed as Yumai 34 in the first developed leaf stage, and 60%FC>80%FC>40%FCsince then; For Yumai 50,GS1 activity in different stage and different water treatment showed: 80%FC > 60%FC>40%FC. The soil ammonium nitrogen was gradually declining trend under different water treatments in wheat seedlings, for Yumai 34 and Yumai 50 , The soil ammonium nitrogen content showed highest in 80% FC; For Yumai 49, The soil ammonium nitrogen content showed highest in 60% FC. The soil nitrate-N was the first and then decreased trend under different water treatments in wheat seedlings, its content in water treatments showed:40% FC>60% FC>80% FC.We study effect of water control on GS isoenzymes of lesves and grain through the field pot experiment, the results showed that: the GS activity of leaves and grains have shown up again after the first drop of the trend.For flage lesves,the activity of Yumai 34 among water treatments showed: 60% FC>80% FC >40% FC; For Yumai 49,the activity In grain formation and the end of milking stage showed: 60%FC > 80%FC>40%FC,and in the filling stage showed: 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC; For Yumai 50, the activity among water treatments showed:80%FC>60%FC> 40%FC.For grains, the activity of Yumai 34 among water treatments showed: 60% FC>80% FC >40% FC; For Yumai 49,isozymes showed highest activity in 60%FC treatment on 15 days after anthesis, in other stage showed that: 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC; For Yumai 50,isozymes showed highest activity in 40%FC treatment in 10 days after anthesis, in other stage showed that: 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC, GS activity in flag leaf was about ten times of that in grain. GS isozymes have different expression in lesves and grains,it has the same as the wheat seedlings,has three GS isozymes,and also GS2> GS1> GSx,every species have different performance among water treatments , GS1 and GSx activity mong water treatments showed: 60% FC> 80% FC> 40% FC with Yumai 34(except 20d after anthesis);GS2 showed highest activity in 60%FC treatment. For Yumai 49, GS1 showed highest activity in 60%FC treatment during early stage of grain filling and late stage of grain filling, in other stage showed that: 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC, GSx mainly in the five days after anthesis to 20 days, and it have not obvious difference among the water treatments ; GS2 showed highest activity in 80%FC treatment during early stage of grain filling ,in the stage of grain filling showed that: 60%FC>80%FC>40%FC. For Yumai 50, GS1 showed highest activity in 60%FC treatment during early stage of grain filling and late stage of grain filling, it showed highest activity in 80%FC treatment in other stage; GSx activity was significantly lower than the GS2 and GSx, and it have not obvious difference among the water treatments; GS2 showed highest activity in 60%FC treatment in 10 days after anthesis, in other stage showed that: 80%FC > 60%FC > 40%FC.For grains,we detected GS1 isozymes,the activity in early grain-filling was significantly higher than other stage. Different species had not performance among water treatments,for Yumai 34, GS1 showed highest activity in 40%FC treatment in 10 days after anthesis,in other stage showed that:60%FC>80%FC>40%FC, for Yumai 49, GS1 showed highest activity in 60%FC treatment in 15 days after anthesis,in other stage showed that: 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC,Yumai 50,GS1 showed highest activity in 40%FC treatment during early stage of grain filling and late stage of grain filling, it showed highest activity in 80%FC treatment in other stage.With the time went on,the value of chlorophyll meter(SPAD) of wheat had different performance among water treatments.For Yumai 34 and Yumai 50,the SPAD of flag leaves among water treatment showed: 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC;For Yumai 49, SPAD showed highest content in 60%FC treatment in the follwing stages, it showed highest content in 80%FC treatment in other stage.For Yumai 34,60%FC had the highest soluble protein, protein, aibumins, prolamins,glutemins content and yield, 40%FC had the highest globin content; For Yumai49, 60%FC had the highest soluble protein, protein and aibumins content, 80%FC had the highest globin content and yield,40%FC had the highest prolamins and glutemins content; For Yumai 50, 60%FC had the highest soluble protein, aibumins, glutemins conten protein,80%FC had the highest prolamins, globin,protein content and yield.Through analysised the correlation between the GS isoenzyme of the flag leaf and grain and grain protein and yield showed:There was a high significant correlation between GS2 and GSx activity of flag leaves and total grain protein content during the stage of grain filling, and a significant correlation between GS and GS1 activity of grain and total grain protein content during the stage of grain filling and the end stage of grain filling.. There was a high significant correlation between GS isoenzyme of flage leaves and GS isoenzyme of grains among different cultivars.