Comparative Study On The High-yielding And High-efficient Cropping Patterns Of Rice Paddy In Changsha City

This study analyzed the rice ecosystem of Changsha city. The particular data of the main local cropping patterns of rice paddy was gathered extensively by the statistical data, field investigation and questionnaire survey. On the bases, fourteen kinds of representative typical paddy ecosystem pattern in Changsha city were comparatively evaluated by weighed exponential method, and their energy utilization, nutrient equilibrium and economic benefit were analyzed by citing the former research production and inspecting in doors. The main results were as follows:1. The suitable extensive paddy cropping patterns in Changsha city were rape/watermelon-late rice, garlic-early rice-late rice, rape-middle reason rice, potato-single late rice ,grape of paddy field, flowers and plants and forestry nursery stock of paddy field, sorghum-ratooning sorghom, maize(forage)-single late rice and so on. These cropping patterns had better ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit and would be better for transforming rural surplus labors in local and improving the regional economic development. The paddy cropping patterns of suitable extensive characteristic industries in region were forage grass or flue-cured tabacco-late rice, rice-duckweed and so on. These industries were suitable regional development, and formed characteristic industry. The paddy cropping patterns in suburb and small regional scale development were capsicum-single late rice, potato-middle reason rice, glutinous maize-glutinous maize, glutinous maize-middle reason rice, rape/watermelon-late rice. It would get the higher economical benefit and social benefit that developing in suburb and informing regional characteristic production advantage.2. The main problems in cropping pattern of Changsha city were that cropping structure was single in traditional cropping pattern, winter agriculture was a weak link, the benefit of paddy was low, the cropping pattern lacked radiation ability. Regulation of paddy cropping pattern didn't push forward development with structure adjustment of production of agriculture, processing agricultural by products, livestock farming. The action of leading enterprise didn'texert sufficiently.3. The main train of thought of Changsha city in future were as follows:3.1 To pay great attention to the regional planning, and to bring about the scale benefit.3.2 To build the leading enterprise and to take a road of "company+base + farmer" .3.3 To develop breeding industry, promoting the development of cropping industry.3.4 To promote the change of the government's function, exerting leading action of government during regulation paddy industry structure.3.5 To improve farmer's quality, providing agriculture technique training.3.6 To promote march of agriculture science and technique applying, and exerting pertinently some cropping pattern of high yield and high-efficiency.