| Macrocarpium officinacle is a kind of Perennial machaka or arbor. There are four kinds in the world, one is distributed in Europe, one is distributed in North America, two are distributed on Asia east, for instance China, Japan, Korea,etc. Macrocarpium officinacle (Sieb et.Zucc.) Nakai in Bot and Macrocarpium Chinese (Wanger.) Hutch. They are the original plants of famous and precious traditional Chinese medicinal materials and are recorded in ({PHARMACOPOEIA OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA)) . Planting and using them has a long history in Chinese, for example, eating, medical using, viewing and admiring.Macrocarpium officinacle grows during 26°~37°40 ' at north latitude, east longitude 105°--135°25 ',altitude 200-1400m. The provinces, such as Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan ,etc. are distributed .Macrocarpium officinacle's compositions are complicated, such as volatility composition, glucoside, tannins, organic accid and other compositions mainly. The pharmacology function is mainly behaving anti-oxidantly, resisting experimental liver damage, promoting immune response, resisting inflammation, lowering blood sugar, resisting the shock, strengthening heart etc.Macrocarpium officinacle's variety resource is abundant, but very different. This will make against modernization drive of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Checking the variety and analyzing their chemical composition that especially plays a pharmacology role, it will help to popularize fine variety.In this paper, systematicly abstracting and determining the contents of organic accid, alkaloid, polysaccharide, sponin and flavone and trace element of different Macrocarpium officinacle varieties that distributes in different plantations, in different altitudes, in different growth periods, and analyzing the change of different content of chemical compositions. This will be beneficial to selecting and breeding good varieties, establishing the best processing method and the best picking time.The difference among baking soft method, bearing method and water cookingmethod is remarkable. It is baking soft method and bearing method in 70℃ that the content of total organic accid, total alkaloid, total polysaccharide, total sponin and total flavone is the highest, however water cooking method in 80℃, the content of total sponin , total polysaccharide and total flavone is the highest. The content of total polysaccharide and total sponin is the highest at the end of September. From the end of September to mid-October, the content of total alkaloid and total organic acid is getting higher, but the content of total flavone changes complicatedly. The differende among varieties is remarkable in Fuping county Shaanxi Province. The difference among varieties in four different altitude plantations of Shaanxi and Xixia county Henan Province is remarkable. The difference of total sponin content between Zhouzhi county(7.20ug/ml), Taibai county(6.54ug/ml) is not remarkable, but the difference among Zhouzhi county,Taibai county, Danfeng county (5.29ug/ml), Foping county(8.64ug/ml), Xixia county(10.16ug/ml) is remarkable extremely.According to the above experiments and data analysis result, the best processing method is baking soft method. The altitude between800m- 1000m is right growth environment. The best collecting period is the first ten days in October. Synthetically considering different varieties every infructescence fruit, simple fruit weight, dressing percentage, producing medicine rate and disease resistance etc, Shigunzao, Dahongzao, Zhenzhuhong, Yuanlingzao and Mayazao can be confirmed fine varieties, and Shigunzao, Dahongzao, Zhenzhuhong are better than others.
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