| Fenglin nature reserve was established in 1958 in Wuying district. It was titled as the national level reserve in 1988, and later was brought into the global biosphere network of the UNESCO in 1997. The reserve is composed of coniferous and deciduous trees, which is the largest and the most well-preserved virginal Korean pine forest and is indeed a precious species gene bank in China.According to the hiberarchy of modern ecology, focusing on the relationship of environmental factor and species diversity, a case study was carried out at the Fenglin Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province. Diversity of landscape level and diversity of community-ecosystem level were assessed by using the methods of deterministic method for spatial interpolation, remote sensing image, TWINSPAN (Two-way indicator species analysis), CCA (Canonical correspondence analysis) and measure of biodiversity. The main results are as following:According to the TM image (cell size 30x30 m) and GIS, Fenglin Nature Reserve, carried out ecological classification and mapping of landscape, was divided 18 landscape element and was distilled quantitative data of landscape type. The result showed that virgin forest landscape, accounting for 90 percentage of the total forest area, constituted a principal part of forest in Fenglin Nature Reserve. It was wide that the spatial distribution of Tilia amurensis Korean pine forest and Betula costata Korean pine forest and spruce-fir Korean pine forest and mixed coniferous forest. The distributing extent of mixed broad leaf-conifer forest is maximal, which is conformed to succession law, because it possessed site of Korean pine forest and spruce-fir forest. The distributing breadth of the Secondary forest landscape types(Populus davidiana forest, Birch forest and soft mixed broad-leaved forest and Quercus mongolica forest was narrow as a result of human disturbance.The secondary forest landscape in the Lilin-Yangshuhe forest field compared to the virgin forest landscape in Fenglin Natural Reserve tended to severely fragment, but possessed of upper diversity and evenness and lower dominance resulting in changes of spatial pattern of landscape. Logging and cutting made landscape structure incline to generate new landscape mosaic.Along the humidity gradation in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest, indices of species diversity which showed "up-top-drop" tendency was related with habitat. Highest value of a-diversity indices of community was recorded at neutral habitat and lowest at extreme dry andwettest habitat, which indicated that worst environmental was a potent danger of decrease of species diversity.At present, community of larch forest, replaced by spruce-fir forest, Tilia amurensis Korean pine forest and steep slope Korean pine forest is falling off and tending to contabescence, while Spruce-fir Korean pine forest and Betula costata Korean pine forest locate the stage of formative-maturity, developmental-maturity and maturity. Among the development sequence, species diversity indices and species richness, ranging from low to high, were lowest at declined community and highest at steady and mature community, which accorded with that diversity varied across succession evolving.Among point-sampling of landscape scale simulated the spatial variation of tree species richness by using deterministic method for spatial interpolation, providing a basis for protecting and planning of biodiversity in the future. The accuracy of the spatial model is high and the cross-validation explains 85% of variance in the diversity of the removed plots (n=159).As the accuracy of the spatial model, this suggests that the tree a-diversity of unmeasured areas can be estimated with a fairly high level of accuracy. In addition to inversely distance weighted method forecasted that tree species diversity was yielded in experiment area, this is in consonance with intermediate disturbance hypothesis of Connell.The impact of terrain on pattern of species diversity of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Fenglin Natrue...
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