| The golden camellia (Camellia nitidissima Chi,1991; Camellia chrysantha (Hu) Tuyama, 1975; Theopsis chrysantha Hu, 1965) caused a sensation in horticulture and botany over the world when it was discorveried, as are praised for "Dreaming camellia", "Giant panda of botany" and "Emperor in Theaceae". The germplasm resources and ecological environment of Sect. Chrysantha Chang were studied in Fujian province, in which mainly is C. nitidissima Chi. The results showed as following.1 The Sect. Chrysantha Chang had introducted and cultured 8 species with 1 variant in Fujian province, which showed the best excellent was C. nitidissima Chi, Camellia grandis Chang et Liang and Camellia tunghinensis Chang, the slightly above average for Camellia euphlebia Merr.ex Sealy, the middle for C. euphlebia Merr. ex Sealy var. macrophylla Mo et Huang, Camellia parvipetala Liang et Sua, Camellia flavida Chang and Camellia limonia Liang et Mo, and the lowest for Camellia micrantha Liang et Zhong in the ornamental and marketable value.2 The initial selection and repeating selection were studied with the selection through public appraisal used the hundred-mark system for Sect. Chrysantha Chang, which showed 6 excellent plants, i. e. Camellia nitidissima 'Jin Tang Luo', C. nitidissima 'Jin Huang Huo', C. nitidissima 'Jin Jin Shan', C. nitidissima 'Jin Fang Cheng', C. grandis 'Jin Long Rui', and C. tunghinensis 'Jin Dong Xing'. Camellia nitidissima 'Jin Tang Luo' with smaller leaves and C. grandis 'Jin Long Rui' with flooming in summer, and they had built up greater ornamental and marketable value.3 The tests of seeding propagation provided good results for the selective breeding of seedling plants and the cross-breeding in Sect. Chrysantha Chang. The cutting of short branch with 2-3 buds were handled by 200-300 mg ?L-1 IBA, which also showed a excellent growing for rapid propagation, the single bud cutting could get large nursery stock in short time but growing bed. The air layering was definited by propagation numbers, but it's still a effective propagation way for Sect. Chrysantha Chang. The tests of propagation by grafting showed also that had affected for thegrowing of Sect. Chrysantha Chang.4 the shoots of seedling had over 3 growing period, and the blooming plants were mainly a autumn-winter shoots as well as the budding leaves were clear dormancy character in summer. According to different blooming period of Sect. Chrysantha Chang, it appeared to be of two basic types: those that flower is over winter-spring blooming period, and those that over summer-autumn blooming period, and the winter-spring blooming type could be divided into the winter blooming and the spring blooming yet. The growing quality were decided by the ecological environmnet of Sect. Chrysantha Chang, and it's disturbed obviously by human behavior.5 The growing of Sect. Chrysantha Chang were affected by luminosity, temperature and moisture, mainly by luminosity in summer which are thought firstly key for introduced success or failure. The leaves were damaged with luminosity 90000 Ix lasting 24 hours in summer, and it's best growing between 3000-8000 Ix for landscape of Sect. Chrysantha Chang. The coverage was a specially luminosity in the ecological environmnet of Sect. Chrysanty Chang.6 The cold tolerance of leaves of Sect. Chrysantha Chang were tested with the percentage of electrolytes in the leakage, which included C. nitidissma 'Jin Tan Luo', C. nitidissma 'Jin Huang Huo' and G grandis 'Jin Long Rui' , the results showed that the cold tolerance of leaves of Sect. Chrysantha Chang was some different respectively, C. nitidissma was more cold tolerance than C. grandis, and 'Jin Tan Luo' was more than 'Jin Huang Huo' in C. nitidissma. The critical temperatures of leaves of C. nitidissma is -5-7 and the critical temperatures of flower of C. nitidissma is close to ?1.7 The chimera breeding was a new method of variety breeding, which induced plant chimeras with crossing, grafting and cytoplasmic genetic variating. The studies of variegated-leaf ch...
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