The Study Of Evaluation And Innovation Of Germplasm Resources On Auricularia Heimuer

Auricularia heimuer,the model species of Auricularia,and the typical glial fungi,are the second largest edible fungi in China.In recent years,the industry of A.auricula had developed rapidly with the implement of national supply-side structural reform and precise poverty alleviation policy.The production area had expanded from the traditional main production area in the northeast of China to the new production area in the south,forming the industrial pattern of "expanding from the north to the south".Accordingly,the climate,ecological conditions,cultivation environment and the types of cultivation materials have changed significantly,which caused the existing varieties of A.auricula unable to meet the development of industry.The research on genetic breeding of A.auricula in China started late,and there was little advanced research achievement abroad for reference.Therefore,in order to promote the development of A.auricula industry,this paper carried out germplasm innovation research based on the evaluation of A.auricula germplasm resources.Provide reference for relevanted research.In this study,32 A.auricula germplasm resources in China were collected,and comprehensive evaluation of somatic incompatibility,agronomic traits and esterase isozymes tests were carried out.Fine parents were screened and three excellent germplasms were created by mon-mon hybridization method.The results were as follows:1.Evaluation of Germplasm Resources(1)Somatic cell incompatibility test was carried out on 32 strains,and antagonistic lines were found in all strains,indicating the great genetic differences among the strains.(2)Thirty-two strains were tested for esterase isozyme.The results showed that there were 22 bands with different mobility rates and one basic band with the mobility rate of 0.67.According to NTSYS cluster analysis,when the similarity coefficient was 0.70,the tested strains were clustered into five groups.There was also a certain degree of similarity between the strains in different regions,and there were diversity among the strains.(3)The results of temperature type test showed that all the tested strains could grow in the range of 5-35?.At 40 ?,9 strains could continue to grow,and the rest strains stopped growing.The strain A127 was selected as species with high temperature resistance.The strain A025 was selected as species with low temperature resistance.(4)The agronomic traits evaluation test showed that the growth period of the tested strains were from 81 to 121 days.Among them,there were 6 early-maturing strains,19 middle-maturing strains and 7 late-maturing strains.There were 9 and 23 primordia types,which were concentrated and dispersed,respectively.The lamellas on the back of fruiting bodies were divided into lamella and non-lamella types,with 15 and 17 respectively;The expansion rate of fruiting bodies was 9-16.Among them,there were 1 strain with low expansion rate,23 strains with medium expansion rate and 8 strains with high expansion rate.The yield of tested strains was 1.40-7.40 kg,including 1 high-yielding strain,1 medium-yielding strain and 30 low-yielding strains.(5)Establish color evaluation index.The L* values of tested strains were 19.16-41.76,The tested strains were divided into three types: 5 dark strains,17 medium strains,5 light strains,5 light strains,17 medium strains and 10 light strains2.Germplasm Innovation(1)One hundred hybrid combinations were set by mon-mon hybridization method using wild strain A184(early maturity but slightly low yield)and cultivar A014(high yield but late maturity)as parents.After authenticity identification of hybrid strains,38 hybrid strains were screened out.Premature and dark pleated strain CB31 was obtained with the same growth period as parent A184 but shorter than parent A014;High-expansion pleated strain CB17 was screened;High-yielding pleated strain CB05 was obtained and its yield was 5.66% higher than parent A014 and 21.71% higher than parent A184.(2)The process and key technology are as follows: determination of the germplasm innovation goals?selection of the complementary parent with the target trait?fruitbody culture?isolation of monospore ? authenticity identification “ mononuclear strains ” with double fluorescent staining?selection of the mononuclear strains with strong growth potential for mon-mon hybridization?authenticity identification of “hybrid strains”?selection of the hybrid strains which are large difference of physiological characteristics with parents?selection of the hybrid strains which are large difference of biochemical characteristics with parents?testing for fruitbody culture?selection of the special germplasm with heterobeltiosis what in agronomic trait.