| Gastrodia elata Bl.is a perennial plant of Gastrodia belonging to the Orchidaceae family Orchidaceae.Its dried tubers are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as a medicinal herb Gastrodia elata.It is a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal material,with the functions of calming the wind,suppressing convulsions,calming the liver yang,and clearing the wind and collaterals.It is commonly used to treat infantile convulsions,seizures,tetanus,headache,dizziness,hand and foot failure,limb numbness,and rheumatic arthralgia.Through the analysis of agronomic traits,genetic diversity,commodity attributes,flavor,yield,and medicinal material quality of Blood red G.elata,G.elata f.elata、G.elata f.viridis、 and G.elata f.glauca,theoretical reference was provided for the innovative utilization of G.elata germplasm resources and variety selection.The main research results are as follows:1、 The agronomic traits of Blood red G.elata,are clearly distinguished from G.elata f.elata、G.elata f.viridis、 and G.elata f.glauca,and its traits and tuber morphology are more stable and more specific than the agricultural industry standard variety of red asparagus(NY/T 2593-2014),with blood red flowering flowering stems,chromaticity value #fc7721,and yellow-white flowers,color value#f8e4ca;tubers are also shaped like green asparagus and ocimum,with a hemp type index of 0.78,is a new G.elata,germplasm.2、The specificity of Blood red G.elata is mainly manifested as bright color,good hemp type,clear link pattern,solid texture,strong fishy flavor,taste sweet and brittle,rich in amino acids such as alanine,glutamic acid,serine,(E)-2-nonenal,nonenal and other aromatic substances such as high content of components.The results of wild-like cultivation tests show that Blood red G.elata than other germplasm asparagus yield,good quality,the main components and red asparagus,aurantium germplasm no difference,the germplasm has the potential to cultivate into highyielding varieties of asparagus.3、An LC-MS method was established to evaluate the quality of asparagus using21 compounds such as 4-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether and purchased asparagine standards as controls,and the content of 22 components of different germplasm of asparagus was determined.It was found that the content of 4-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether and methyl linoleate was high,7.05% and 13.51%,respectively,while asparagine,4-(ethoxymethyl)phenol,linoleic acid and other components in were not detected in fresh tubers of asparagus,but a new glycosidic compound has the potential to be used as a quality marker(Q-Marker)of asparagus.The contents of 2,4-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol,aspartame phenol E and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol in sexually reproduced asparagus produced in Huichuan District,Dafang County and Qixingguan District were higher than those in Zhenyuan County and Leshan County,and the contents of ethyl linoleate and ethyl linolenic acid in sexually reproduced asparagus in Zhenyuan County were lower than those in the other four origins.It shows that in the process of asparagus cultivation,the selection of a suitable planting environment,the selection of land,is important to improve the quality of G.elata,.4、The GO functional enrichment of differential genes in the transcriptome of different colored G.elata flowering stems showed that the three comparative combinations of differential genes were mainly enriched in both molecular function and cellular composition,and the common differential genes in molecular function were enriched in tetrapyrrole binding,heme binding,oxidoreductase activity,action on paired donors,molecular oxygen incorporation or reduction and DNA binding transcription factor activity.In terms of cell composition,common differential genes were enriched in apoptotic cells,external encapsulated structures,cell wall and extracellular regions.kegg enrichment analysis showed that differential genes were all mainly enriched in phytopathogenic interactions,MAPK signaling pathwayvegetation,and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway.Genes for color differences in the flowering stems of G.elata stems are mainly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.5、A total of 28 compounds were isolated and identified from blood red G.elata,including a new glycoside compound systematically named(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-ethoxy-6-(((4-hydroxybenzyl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol,the remaining 27 were known compounds,the triterpenoids flavopiridone and citrulline were isolated for the first time from fresh tubers of asparagus,and an alkaloid compound N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)adenine nucleoside was also isolated and its absolute configuration was determined by X-ray.The biological activity screening test of 28 compounds revealed that 2,4-p-(4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol and aspergillol E showed significant growth inhibition of human red leukocyte leukemia cells(HEL)and aspergillol E showed significant growth inhibition of human lung adenocarcinoma cells(H1975).The anti-tumor activity of phenolic compounds was better and the antibacterial activity of fatty acid compounds was better. |
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