| To investigate the effects of plant density, nitrogen application amount and basal: top dressing nitrogen ratio on grain quality and yield of weak and medium gluten wheat, medium gluten wheat Yangmai 11 and Yangmai 12 and weak gluten wheat Yangmai 9 were used as test materials, and the indices of population quality and plant type and physiological characteristics at late growth stage were studied. The experiment was carried out on the experimental field of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University from 2001-2003. The main results were as follows.1 Plant type indices and population quality with good grain quality and high yield1.1 Plant type indices and population quality of weak gluten wheat Yangmai 9 with a grain yield of more than 7500kg/ha1.1.1 Plant type indicesLeaf type. The ideal order for leaf blade length was penultimate leaf>3rd leaf from top>flag leaf, for leaf width was flag leaf>penultimate leaf>3rd leaf from top, for leaf area was penultimate leaf>flag leaf>3rd leaf from top.Stem type. The ideal plant height was about 80cm. The 1st basal internode was shorter than 4.0 cm, and the length of peduncle was about 25cm. The length proportion of basal internode to upper 4 internodes should be 1: 2.5: 3:5: (6.0-7.0). The suitable ratio of peduncle length to stem length was about 35%. The ratio of the length of peduncle plus ear to plant height was 42.5-44%. The perfect plant height component index Ii was about 0.56.The number of upper layer roots. The minimum upper layer roots per stem was 6.5. The number of upper layer roots per stem was positively related to ear weight.Spike type. The perfect number of grains per ear was about 44; the length of a spike was 9-10cm, and the single ear weight was about 1.7g. The length of spike, the number of spikelets, the number of seeded spikelets were significantly positively related to grain yield, the number of grains per ear and the number of ears; whereas, the number of degenerated spikelets per ear was significantly negatively related to grain yield, the number of grains per ear and the number of ears.1.1.2 Population quality indicesThe optimum amount of accumulated dry matter was about 250kg/ha at early wintering stage, 500kg/ha at wintering stage, 950-1000kg/ha at jointing stage, 5xl03kg/ha at booting stage, 6x103-7x103 kg/ha at anthesis, 11x103 kg/ha at maturity, and 4.0x103-4.5x103kg/ha from anthesis to maturity.The ideal number of main stems and tillers per hectare was 2.4x106 at seedling emergence stage, about 6x106 at early wintering stage, 11x106 at maximum, 4.7xl06-4.9xl06 at maturity. The earing percentage of main stems and tillers was about 43%.The suitable leaf area index was about 0.9 at early wintering stage, 3.0 at jointing stage, 6.5 at booting stage, 5.0-5.5 at anthesis, 4.5-5.0 on the 7th day after anthesis, 3.5-4.0 on the 14th day after anthesis, 2.5-3.5 on the 21th day after anthesis, 2-2.5 on the 28th day after anthesis.1.2 Plant type indices and population quality of medium gluten wheat Yangmai 11 and Yangmai 12 with good grain quality and high yield1.2.1 Plant type indices of medium gluten wheatLeaf type. The ideal order for leaf blade width was that flag leaf>penultimate leaf>3rd leaf from top, which was the same as weak gluten wheat Yangmai 9; for leaf length was penultimate leaf>flag leaf >3rd leaf from top; for leaf area was flag leaf >penultimate leaf>3rd leaf from top.Stem type. The ideal plant height of Yangmai 11 was about 93 cm. The 1st basal interaode should be shorter than 3.0 cm, and peduncle should be longer than 37 cm. The length proportion of internodes were 1: 2.5: (3.0-3.5): (5.0-6.0): (9-10). The suitable ratio of peduncle length to stem length was more than 45%, and the ratio of the length of peduncle plus ear to plant height was more than 48-50%. The perfect plant height component index Ii was about 0.61.Spike type. The perfect number of grains per ear in Yangmai 11 was 42-43, the length of a spike was 9.9-10.5cm, the ear weight was 1.7-1.8g, the...
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